World History (ATLAS)
From Alternative History
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[edit] 1300s
- c. 1300: the Renaissance begins almost simultaneously in Britannia and Italy
- 1305: the War of Caledonian (Scottish) Independence ends in a Britannian victory at Falkirk, in which William Wallace and other Caledonian commanders are captured and executed by the Britannians. This, in addition to the massive Caledonian losses at Falkirk, demoralizes the rebels and they do not fight for independence again.
- 1325: the Aztec capitol of Tenochtitlan is founded
- 1337: the Hundred Years War begins between Britannia and France
- 1347-1351: the Black Plague wipes out much of Europe's population, but they quickly return to their former population
- 1356: much of the limestone casing from the Pyramid of Giza is removed in order to construct fortresses and mosques in Cairo, leaving it in the state it rests in to this day
- 1382: the Ottomans capture the city of Sofia, removing Bulgaria from its seat as a regional power
[edit] 1400s
- 1453: the Byzantine Empire dissolves, and the Ottoman Empire comes to control much of their former territory
- 1492: Christopher Columbus is funded by the Spanish Empire to sail westwards across the Atlantic, and North America is discovered. Columbus makes first contact with the Aztec Empire on behalf of Spain.
[edit] 1500s
- 1500: Brazil is discovered by Pedro Álvares Cabral and claimed as territory in the New World for Portugal
- c. 1505: Leonardo da Vinci paints the Mona Lisa
- 1517: Martin Luther posts his Ninety-Five Theses on the door of the Wittenberge Castle Church, beginning the Protestant Reformation
- 1517: the Mameluke Sultanate of Egypt is destroyed by Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, and Egypt (along with Syria and Palestine) is annexed into the Ottoman Empire
- 1518: Hernán Cortés arrives in Central America
- 1521: the Spanish attack and defeat the Aztecs, destroying much of Tenochtitlan. However, they are unable to completely destroy the Aztecs, who continue to wage war from the jungles.
- 1523: Sweden gains its independence from the Kalmar Union
- 1526: the Mughal Empire is founded
- 1527: the Sack of Rome, resulting in the end of the Italian Renaissance
- 1529: the Siege of Vienna marks the furthest the Ottoman Empire would ever encroach into Europe
- c. 1530: Spain invades and conquers Peru, though many more lives than in actual history are lost because about half of their forces in the New World have to remain in Mexico to keep the Aztec guerillas at bay
- c. 1530: the colonization of Brazil begins, and the Portuguese attempt to integrate the natives into their society rather than destroy them in order to win support against Spain
- 1533: Elizabeth su Britannia I is born
- 1542: the Portuguese become the first Europeans to make contact with the Japanese
- 1542: Mary re Britannia, Queen of Caledonia (Scotland), is born
- c. 1560: sweet potatoes are exported from the New World, especially into China
- c. 1570: silver from the New World floods the world's markets, but many Spanish mining operations are interrupted by Aztec rebels, who both destroy mining operations and capture the silver already mined, trading with Britannia for modern guns with which to fight the Spanish
- 1583: Sir Humphrey Gilbert claims Newfoundland as Britannia's first colony in the New World
- c. 1590: Toyotomi Hideyoshi unites Japan for the first time
- c. 1590: the High Eunuchs become the ruling class of nobles in China
[edit] 1600s
[edit] 1600-1610
- c. 1600: the Dutch begin colonizing the New World
[edit] 1630-1640
- c. 1630: Britannian Puritans migrate from the British Isles to the New World
[edit] 1640-1650
- 1644: the Qing Dynasty of China is established
- 1648: the Protestant Reformation and the Britannian Renaissance end simultaneously
[edit] 1650-1660
- c. 1650: Oliver Cromwell attempts to take over Britannia, but fails and is executed
- c. 1650: the Northern Wars cement Sweden as a significant power in Europe
- 1652: Cape Town is founded by the Dutch East India Company, setting the frame for the largest colonial possession of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
[edit] 1660-1670
- 1665: the Great Plague in London claims the life James di Britannia II and leaves his son, William III, as the new King of Britannia
- 1666: the Great Fire of London occurs, destroying most of the city as well as killing many of the rats that caused the Great Plague, bringing the epidemic to an end
[edit] 1690-1700
- 1692: the Salem Witch Trials take place
[edit] 1700s
[edit] 1700-1710
- c. 1700: the Enlightenment begins
- c. 1700: the first Industrial Revolution begins
- 1701-1714: the War of the Spanish Succession takes place
[edit] 1750-1760
- c. 1750: scientific navigation is developed
- 1757: the Battle of Plassey ends in a then rare and embarassing defeat for Britannia; as a result, India never comes under colonial rule
[edit] 1770-1780
- c. 1770: the second Industrial Revolution begins
- 1776: the Declaration of Independence is signed by and ratified by the Continental Congress in the Britannian colonies, and the American Revolutionary War officially begins
[edit] 1780-1790
- 1783: the American Revolutionary Wars end
- 1787: the American Constitution is written
- 1788: Britannia establishes the prison colony of New South Wales in Australia
- 1789: the French Revolution begins
[edit] 1790-1800
- 1789-1799: the French Revolution takes place, effectively ending in 1799 when Napoleon Bonaparte crowns himself Emperor of France
- 1792: the first practical semaphore system is invented by Claude Chappe
[edit] 1800s
[edit] 1800-1810
- c. 1800: the Enlightenment ends
- c. 1800: Charles Darwin develops the theory of evolution
- 1801: Britannia and Hibernia (Ireland) merge into the Empire of Britannia
- 1801-1805: in response to Barbary piracy in the Atlantic,
- 1803: the United States doubles its territory after acquiring all territory west of the Mississippi from France in the Louisiana Purchase
- 1803: the Napoleonic Wars begin
- 1804: morphine is isolated from opium for the first time
- 1804: Haiti gains its independence from France, becoming the first black republic
[edit] 1810-1820
- c. 1810: gas lighting comes into common use
- 1810: the Spanish colony of New Granada declares its independence from Spain
- 1812: the War of 1812 begins, causing Britannia to pull some of its forces away from the Napoleonic Wars in a vain effort to defend Canada
- 1815: the Napoleonic Wars end with the Battle of Waterloo, in which France crushingly defeats Prussia and Britannia, resulting in the deaths of the Duke of Wellington and Gebhard von Blücher, the retreat of Prussian leaders into Austria and Poland, and Prussia being divided between the Dutch-French Alliance
- 1815: the War of 1812 ends with the Treaty of Toronto, in which Britannia surrenders to the United American States, and western Canada is annexed into the States
- 1816: the Channel Wars begin between France and Britannia
[edit] 1820-1830
- 1819-1828: New Granada expands its influence over South America
- 1821: the Aztecs write up a Declaration of Independence mostly mirroring that of the American States, but the Aztec leaders that present it to the Viceroy of Mexico are apprehended and brought to Madrid to be executed
- 1821: the Channel Wars end upon Napoleon's death, and his son, Napoleon II, deems the Channel Wars too expensive and brokers an armistice with the Britannian Emperor, without either nation losing any of its territory. Napoleon I's death is attributed to stomach cancer, though there are rumors that he was actually poisoned by either Prussian or Britannian assassins
- 1821-1824: the Balkan War of Independence takes place, in which the Balkan regions under Turkish rule unite and rebel against the Ottoman Empire
- 1822: Portugal partially decolonizes Brazil, allowing governors to be selected from the local populace, and the first Native Brazilian governor is elected in this year
- 1825: during his inaugural speech, John Quincy Adams changes the name of the American States to the United States of North America
- 1825: the Erie Canal is opened
[edit] 1830-1840
- c. 1830: the thugs are eliminated in India by the Mughal Empire
- c. 1830: America and Europe enter a periods of prosperity thanks to increased railroad activity and trade routes between the two continents
- 1832: the Balkan nations unite as the Imperial Republic of the Balkans, and formally take back Istanbul, restoring its former name of Constantinople
- 1837: the War of 1837 begins, and the United States annexes four Mexican regions from Spain
- 1838: President Andrew Jackson reinstates the Aztec Empire, crowning the first emperor of the reinstated empire and establishing trade multiple trade routes with the Aztecs
[edit] 1840-1850
- c. 1845: several famines sweep across Europe due to failed harvests, and many Europeans emigrate to the United States as a result
- 1844: Samuel Morse sends the first electric telegraph
- 1848: The Communist Manifesto is written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
[edit] 1850-1860
- c. 1850: steel production is revolutionized by the Bessemer process
- c. 1850: The Origin of Species is published by Charles Darwin
[edit] 1860-1870
- c. 1860: the culture of the Victorian Era comes to America for the first time
- c. 1860: the first transcontinental railroad is constructed in the United States
- c. 1860: Alred Nobel invented dynamite
- 1861-1865: the American Civil War is fought between the Union and the Confederacy, ending in a Union victory, but President Abraham Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, a Southern sympathizer, immediately after the war ends
- 1865: the United States Secret Service is formed
- 1865: Haiti merges with the Dominican Republic, forming the Republic of Hispaniola, one of the few completely independent nations in the world
- 1866-1869: the Meiji Restoration in Japan
- 1869: the Suez Canal is constructed in Egypt by the Ottoman Empire
- 1869: the submarine is invented
[edit] 1870-1880
- c. 1870: the first lightbulb is invented by Thomas Edison
- c. 1870: the Second Imperial Age begins with the expansion of Britannia's colonial influence
- 1870: the descendants of the Prussians who fled east during the Napoleonic Wars unite as one nation: Ruritania
- 1876: Alexander Graham Bell invents the first telephone
- 1879: the steam drill is invented
[edit] 1880-1890
- c. 1880: the first gasoline-powered automobiles are invented
- c. 1880: sky-scrapers are built for the first time
- c. 1880: the Aztec Empire and the United States begin joint construction of the Panama Canal, but this is impeded by Spain and the Canal remains only partly constructed for another decade
- c. 1880: the United States Constitution is amended, prohibiting alcoholic drinks. This leads to many people making their own liquor illegally and selling it in speakeasies, and organized crime built up around this, in turn leading to the rise of gangsters such as Al Capone.
- c. 1800: the Indonesian volcano Krakatoa erupts, killing 36,000 people
[edit] 1890-1900
- c. 1890: the Second Boer War ends in a Dutch victory, and to avoid full-scale war, Britannia hands South Africa back over to the Dutch
- c. 1890: the Spanish-American War ends in an American victory, with Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines being annexed into the United States, but Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders are forced to retreat from San Juan Hill, and Cuba remains a Spanish possession. The end of the war results in America essentially taking Spain's place as a significant world power.
- c. 1890: motion pictures and ragtime music enter and revolutionize popular culture
[edit] 1900s
[edit] 1900-1910
- c. 1900: the Wright brothers create the first working flying machine in North Carolina
- c. 1900: radioactivity is discovered by Marie Curie
- c. 1900: the First Russo-Japanese War ends, establishing Japan as a world power
[edit] 1910-1920
- c. 1910: stainless steel is invented
- c. 1910: the military tank is invented and sees combat for the first time
- 1914-1918: the Ruro-Balkan War takes place, starting with the assassination of Franz Ferdinand by a Balkan national and ending when Ruritania surrenders upon Britannia's entry into the war
- 1917: the Bolsheviks attempt to stage a coup in Russia, but are crushed by the imperial army. Many Bolsheviks are sent to prisons and work camps in Siberia while their leader, Vladimir Lenin, is executed for high treason. Leon Trotsky, a leading member of the Bolsheviks, manages to escape from Russia, and his whereabouts from then on are unknown, though it is rumored that he escaped to Ruritania or even as far as Hispaniola. Joseph Stalin, on the other hand, managed to talk his way out of punishment and was instead granted a high rank of nobility and military status, though was under constant surveillance for the rest of his life.
[edit] 1920-1930
- 1925: the first televisions are invented
- 1927: Charles Lindbergh becomes the first man to fly alone across the Atlantic Ocean, from New York to France
[edit] 1930-1940
- c. 1930: Russia rapidly industrializes
- 1931: Britannia partially decolonizes Canada and Australia, establishing parliament in thw two colonies though still leaving them in control of a viceroy
- 1931: the Empire State Building, the tallest building in the world at the time, is built
- 1931: the Empire of Japan briefly goes to war with China, seizing Taiwan from them and threatening to invade with superior technology if China retaliated
- 1935-1936: the Venetian Republic under Benito Mussolini attempts to establish a colonial hold in northeast Africa, but is repelled and reduced to having its only colonial possession in Tunisia by an intervention from Britannia and the United States.
- 1937: the Ottoman Empire takes full advantage of the weakened state of eastern Africa and annexes the region
- 1938: radar is invented by Britannia
[edit] 1940-1950
- c. 1940: the United States and Britannia collaborate to invent the first ballistic missiles
- c. 1940: jet aircraft are invented
- 1941-1946: Spain attacks a United States Air Force base in Miami, Florida, making it the first country to attack the United States on American soil. This sparks the Second Spanish-American War, which ends when the United States launches chemical attacks on Havana and Bogota in New Granada.
- 1946: Sweden invents the first nuclear reactor
[edit] 1950-1960
- 1951: the European Union is formed, with its capitol in Zurich
[edit] 1960-1970
[edit] 1970-1980
[edit] 1980-1990
[edit] 1990-2000
[edit] 2000s
[edit] 2000-2010
[edit] 2010-2020
[edit] 2020-2030
[edit] 2030-2040
[edit] Major Points of Divergence
- the Renaissance begins simultanesouly in Britannia (Great Britain) and Italy. The result is ideas and concepts developing in both countries. However, the Sack of Rome ends the Italian Renaissance, as in actual history, while the Britannian Renaissance continues until the 1650s. The major result of this is Britannia being one of the more cultured nations in Europe and many Michelangelo- and da Vinci-like sculptures and paintings in Britannia, mostly in the palaces and castles but also in the larger churches.
- though the Black Plague still wipes out much of Europe's population, they quickly recover. In actual history, the long-terms results of the Plague were that nobles lost many of their laborers and therefore had to do their own work. Since Europe quickly recovered from the Plague in this history, the nobles retain their serfs and stay in power.
- the Aztecs are defeated by not wiped out by the Spanish. This leads to the Aztecs eventually recovering with the help of Spain's enemies and becoming a major regional power in the Americas.
- instead of only letting Europeans govern Brazil, the Portugeuse allow the Brazilian natives to be integrated into their society, at first as second-class citizens but later with full rights, and the first Native Brazilian governor is elected in 1822. Brazil remains a colonial possession of Portugal, but is granted more freedom than most other European colonies.
- Oliver Cromwell does not succeed in overthrowing the monarchy in Britannia and is instead executed. As a result, the monarchy retains absolute power for about seventy more years when the position of prime minister is created and parliament is established. This mirrors our own history, but the monarchy still remains a significant governing power.
- the Indian natives win the Battle of Plassey in a then rare defeat for Britannia. As a result, India never becomes a European colony, though Britannia and other nations open up trade routes with them, and the Mughal Dynasty remains in power, leading to many conflicts between the dominant Muslims and the Hindus.
- the War of 1812 ends with Britannia handing over western Canada to the Americans, granting them about as much territory as was acquired with the Louisiana Purchase. Additionally, America's first war with Spain results in four territories in northwestern Mexico being annexed into the United States. The final result of this is America have sixty-five states instead of fifty by the time the events of ATLAS begin.
- the Napoleonic Wars end in a French victory after Napoleon returns from exile. Napoleon still dies the same date as he did in actual history, but France now has a greater amount of territory, retaining its African colonies and annexing southern Germany. The Napoleonic Wars are also followed by the Channel Wars, which take place in the English Channel and result in horrific French losses.
- the Balkan nations unite to win their independence from the Ottoman Empire and later form a single nation together, an act unheard of in actual history
- the thugs are eliminated by the Mughal Empire, who deemed them a threat to the aristocracy, instead of by Britannia. This wins support for the Mughals from the Indian populace, including the Hindus, and results in the Mughal Empire staying in power much longer than it did in actual history.
- Haiti and the Dominican Republic merge in 1865 as one of the few nations in the New World completely independent of outside influence and without any colonial influence, and also one the only societies in the New World composed almost entirely of blacks and natives.
- the unification of Germany never occurs, as real-world Germany is instead divided between the Dutch and French empires, though a similar unification occurs in eastern Europe, mostly centered in Poland and Austria
- the Second Boer War ends in a Dutch victory, so South Africa becomes a Dutch colony again instead of a Britannian one.
- the Bolsheviks never rise to power and Lenin is executed for treason. The long-term results of this are communism never becoming a significant political belief and several of the wars and countries in actual history never coming about: China remains an imperial monarchy, there are none of the massacres caused by communist groups on the Indochinese Peninsula, and the Korean and Vietnam Wars never occur. Another result of this is the United States being held in higher regard, as there is less controversy surrounding it for its lack of involvement in wars it did not need to engage in.
- the Alliance System is never developed, and thus the World Wars never occur. The long-term result of this is empires and colonialism continuing to the present day, aristocrats remaining in power, poison gas as a weapon remaining acceptable, the United Nations never forming, and a lack of nuclear armaments and no Cold War. However, there are similar events in their place: Benito Mussolini still becomes leader of the Venetian Republic (Italy) and attempts to turn eastern Africa into a colony; the assassination of Franz Ferdinand never escalates beyond a war between Ruritania and the Balkan Republic; and the war between the United States and Japan is entirely replaced by the Second Spanish-American War, which ends in chemical attacks on two cities (one in Cuba and one in New Granada, an ally of Spain) and causes Spain to surrender, similar to the nuclear attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
- the European Union essentially takes the place of the United Nations, though focuses more on Europe and its colonies, excluding the United States, the Aztec Empire, and the Asian empire-unions with the Ottoman Empire's inclusion being controversial. Additionally, the EU has its parliamentary capitol in Zurich, Switzerland.
[edit] 1900 - 1950
- 1926: Elizabeth su Britannia II is born
- 1933: Franklin Delano Roosevelt becomes President of the United States
- 1939: the Second Spanish-American War begins
- 1945: Franklin Delano Roosevelt is elected President for the third time; Congress makes the unanimous decision to amend the Constitution, stating that an individual can only be elected twice
- 1945: FDR dies in office; Harry Truman becomes President
- 1946: the Second Spanish-American War ends
- 1949: the Empire of China becomes the Imperial Federation of China
[edit] 1951 - 1999
- 1952: the coronation of Elizabeth II
- 1953: Dwight D. Eisenhower becomes President of the United States
- 1961: John F. Kennedy becomes President of the United States
- 1963: John F. Kennedy is assassinated, and two men on the grassy knoll that Kennedy's motorcade was passing were apprehended and sentenced to life in prison for killing him; Lyndon B. Johnson becomes President
- 1965: Barry Goldwater becomes President of the United States
- 1969: Richard Nixon becomes President of the United States
- 1972: Nixon negotiates with the Emperor of China, successfully arranging trade routes with the Chinese Federation
- 1974: following the Watergate Scandal, Richard Nixon resigns the presidency, avoiding impeachment
- 1996: archaeologists found the fragments of Philosopher's Stone that Marco Polo discovered during his travels
- 1998: scientists identify the Philosopher's Stone fragments as an unknown metal, and it is named khrusionite
- 1999: khrusionite is discovered to be a very powerful superconductor
[edit] 21st Century and later
Please see World History (ATLAS) at Future
Confused? Please seeWorld History (ATLAS) at AltHistory.
[edit] 2000s
[edit] 2010s
- 2018: Elizabeth su Britannia II dies and is succeeded by Charles su Britannia, Prince of Wales; Charles adopts the name George eu Britannia VII
[edit] 2020s
- 2020s: the Second Russo-Japanese War occurs
[edit] 2030s
- 2032: the events of ATLAS begin
