Turkey | Republic of Turkey | Türkiye Respublikası (Turkish)
Capital: Bashkent
Largest city: Bashkent (15,067,724)
Official language: Turkish
Other languages: Avar, Chechen, Circassian, Kazakh, Kurdish, Kyrgyz, Persian, Uzbek
Ethnic groups: 48.2% Turk, 17.6% Uzbek, 10.5% Kazakh, 6.8% Tajik, 3.9% Kyrgyz, 3.8% Romani, 2.4% Circassian, 1.3% Chechen, 1.2% Kurd, 4.3% others
Religions: Alevism (78.1%), Mazdeism (8.2%), Vainakh (1.5%), Protestant Christianity (1.2%), Yazidism (1.1%), Catholic Christianity (1.0%), Others (3.1%), Non-religious (5.8%)
Demonym: Turkish
Government: Constitutional republic | Unitary presidential
President: Ragıp Erdoğan
Prime Minister: Büyük Yıldırım
Legislature: Grand National Assembly
Republic declared: October 29, 1923
Area: 4,341,611 sq km
Population (2014): 105,492,323
Currency: Turkish lira (TRY)
Internet TLD: .tr
History of Turkey[]
Prehistory[]
Antiquity[]
Tauri and Scythians[]
Bosporan Kingdom (438 BC – 370 AD)[]
High Middle Ages[]
Hun rule (370–470)[]
Roman rule (470–581)[]
Turkic Khaganate (552–744)[]
Khazar Khaganate (618–1048)[]
Great Bulgar Khanate (632–668)[]
Kangar Union (659–750)[]
Turgesh Khaganate (699–766)[]
Kimek Khanate (743–1035)[]
Oguz Khaganate (750–1055)[]
Karluk Khaganate (756–940)[]
Roman rule (833–1204)[]
Karakhanian Khanate (840–1212)[]
Pecheneg Khanates (860–1091)[]
Cuman-Kipchak Confederation (900–1220)[]
Khitan Empire (1124–1218)[]
Great Seljuk Empire (1037–1194)[]
Khwarazmian Empire (1077–1231)[]
Late Middle Ages[]
Mongol rule (1218–1259)[]
Golden Horde (1240s–1446)[]
Timurian Empire (1363–1507)[]
Khanate of Crimea (1399–1453)[]
Khanate of Sibir (1419–1498)[]
Khanate of Kazan (1438–1552)[]
Kazakh Khanate (1446–1487)[]
Modern period[]
Turkish Empire (1453-1920)[]
First Republic (1920-1945)[]
Communist Turkey (1945-1990)[]
Second Republic (since 1990)[]
Demographics[]
Largest cities[]
| Başkent | 11,470,334 |
| Kuban | 2,744,995 |
| Almaty | 2,460,422 |
| Taşkent | 2,309,603 |
| Akyar | 1,418,987 |
| Aşkabat | 1,031,992 |
| Taman | 1,027,929 |
| Astrahan | 1,013,800 |
| Akmoly | 860,368 |
| Samarkand | 848,523 |
| Eskişehir | 844,842 |
| Duşanbe | 778,551 |
| Bişkek | 750,327 |
| Şımkent | 683,273 |
| Mahaçkale | 572,076 |
| Nemengan | 456,432 |
| Şetkale | 425,853 |
| Taraz | 406,262 |
| Soçi | 389,434 |
| Aktöbe | 379,546 |
| Akmabet | 332,317 |
| Buhara | 328,644 |
| Öskemen | 322,151 |
| Andican | 318,419 |
| Sıvaş | 312,587 |
| Kafdağı | 311,693 |
| Alaşkale | 299,264 |
| Yalta | 276,746 |
| Korkunç | 271,573 |
| Nalçik | 240,203 |
| Çarcev | 234,817 |
| Nukus | 230,006 |
| Adıyaman | 217,463 |
| Daşoğuz | 216,506 |
| Oş | 208,521 |
| Karşı | 204,697 |
| Gölcük | 188,832 |
| Hokand | 187,477 |
| Uşak | 180,983 |
| Hucend | 172,559 |
| Çirçik | 167,842 |
| Fergana | 164,322 |
| Maykop | 144,249 |
| Beşdağ | 142,511 |
| Hasavyurt | 131,187 |
| Çerkeskale | 129,069 |
| Kırşehir | 128,553 |
| Derbent | 119,271 |
| Çeşane | 118,365 |
| Marı | 114,682 |
| Elista | 107,349 |
| Nazran | 103,935 |
| Acısu | 100,996 |
| Hazarşehir | 100,129 |