15th Century[]
1492: Rodrigo Borgia is elected Pope Alexander VI
1493: Lucrezia Borgia, daughter of Rodrigo, marries Giovanni Sforza
1496: The Borgia's start to conquer surrounding states in Italy
1497: Giovanni Borgia, son of Rodrigo, survives an assassination attempt
1498: Lucrezia marries her second husband, Alfonso of Aragon.
16th Century[]
1500: Papal forces conquer Florence and Forlí. Alfonso of Aragon is murdered
1501: The Siege of Milan begins
1502: Lucrezia marries Alfonso d'Este, the Duke of Ferrara. Siege of Milan ends in Papal victory
1503: Rodrigo Borgia almost dies after an assassination attempt. The Papal armies march on Venice
1507: After an four year siege Venice surrenders
1508: Genoa is invaded
1509: Genoa surrenders after the death of its Doge
1511: The Papal States Annexes Lucca
1513: Pope Alexander VI dies peacefully in his sleep, he is succeeded by Mario Comtridni as Pope Sixtus V, a close ally to the Borgia
1514: The Papal States invade Naples
1515: Duke Alfonso of Ferrara mysteriously dies, Lucrezia becomes regent and joins Ferrara with the Papal States
1517: The Republic of Sienna is annexed by the Papal States
1519: Naples falls to the Papal States, the Papal States are reorganised into the Kingdom of Italy, Giovanni Borgia is proclaimed King of Italy (see Italian Coronation Procedure)
1522: Pope Sixtus V dies and is succeeded by Cesare Borgia as Pope Gregory XIII