| |||
| Capital | San Marino | ||
| Largest city | Dogana | ||
| Language | Italian | ||
| Captains Regent | Lorella Stefanelli and Nicola Renzi | ||
| Area | 61 km² | ||
| Population | 32,576 | ||
| Independence | 3 Sep 301CE (from the Roman Empire) | ||
| Currency | Sammarinese lira | ||
San Marino claims to be the oldest surviving sovereign state and constitutional republic in the world, as the continuation of the monastic community founded on 3 September 301, by stonecutter Marinus of Arba. Legend has it that Marinus left Rab, then the Roman colony of Arba, in 257 when the future emperor Diocletian issued a decree calling for the reconstruction of the city walls of Rimini, which had been destroyed by Liburnian pirates. In 1631, its independence was recognized by the Papacy and in 1797 Napoleon opted to leave the tiny nation alone. During the later phase of the Italian unification process in the 19th century, San Marino served as a refuge for many people persecuted because of their support for unification. In recognition of this support, Giuseppe Garibaldi accepted the wish of San Marino not to be incorporated into the new Italian state. The nation remained neutral through both world wars, and today is the smallest nation in the world.
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