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Russian Civil War | ||||||||
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Clockwise from top right: German-equipped Livonian troops: the battleship Slava, destroyed by a German squadron: Republican troops assembling: Ukrainian soldiers: Imperial artillery. | ||||||||
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Belligerents | ||||||||
Nationalist and Pro-Independence Movements Including: Pro-German Forces: Supported by: GermanyPro-British Forces:
Supported by: United KingdomPro-French Forces: Supported by: FrancePro-Japanese Forces: Supported by: JapanOther Nationalist Forces: Many of these movements fought amongst each other. |
Russian Republic
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Anti-Republican Forces Including: Bolsheviks and other extremist socialist groups Anarchists |
The Russian Civil War was a major conflict in the aftermath of World War One . It began as an uprising against the oppressive Czarist regime, but escalated as the various revolutionary factions turned against each other and many ethnic groups, backed by the victors of World War One, attempted to gain independence or expand their territory at Russia's expense. During the ensuing chaos, Tsar Michael II managed to flee to Sweden. Despite severe disorganization the republicans and moderate socialists managed to defeat the other political factions and even some of the nationalist armies. In the west and Caucasus, however, the nationalists crushed the republicans thanks to their western aid. The republican armies teetered on complete collapse, but the nationalist armies started fighting among themselves. Fearing that they would drag their benefactors into war, Emperor Franz Ferdinand of the United States of Greater Austria called an international conference in Vienna to determine a new shape for eastern Europe. Russia remained a fragile republic, but the nationalist scored an immense triumph: Ukraine, the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus (MRNC), Estonia (as a Russian vassal), Livonia (as a German vassal), and North Ingria (as a Finnish vassal) gained independence, while Poland, Romania, Germany, and Finland gained territory.