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Vinland CoA (The Kalmar Union)

Coat of Arms of Vinland

The Queens of Vinland are normally dated from the rule of Freydis. However, the actual title of 'Queen' was not used until 1082 when Thorey I was crowned by the newly installed bishop of Vinland. Until that point they had owed their position to merely being speakers of the Vinlandic Althing.

Why are Vinland and Álengiamark's crowns passed matrilinealy? The answer lies in the role of women in founding the original colony (especially Freydis and Gudrid), and also of the the autocratic rule of Snorri Thorfinnsson who abused his position as speaker to create a monopoly for himself. Once Snorri was overthrown, the Althing preferred a female speaker who in theory would not be able to wield the same level of power.

Though the crown has mostly passed in a hereditary manner the Althing has historically had final say on electing queens, occasionally choosing a different candidate or forcing reigning queens to name a successor. In modern times the right to succeed is secured, as soon as a new heir is born, by an official act.

The family name is officially 'Eiriksdottír' but is also written Eriksdottir or Ericsdottir.

House of Eiriksdottír
Portrait Name Rule from Rule Until Relationship with predessor
Freydis I (The Kalmar Union) Freydis I c.1021 August, 1026 n/a

(1026-1039) Different speakers of the Althing, sometimes referred to as the 'Democratic Interegnum' leading towards the autocratic rule of Snorri Thorfinnsson.

House of Eiriksdottír
Portrait Name Rule from Rule Until Relationship with predessor
Hafdis I Vin small (The Kalmar Union) St Hafdis I May?, 1039 April, 1058
  • Daughter of Freydis
Sigrun Vin (The Kalmar Union) Sigrun April, 1058 January, 1064
  • Daughter of Freydis
  • Half-sister of St. Hafdis I
Thorey I (The Kalmar Union) Thorey I Jan, 1064 crowned 1082 May 3rd, 1116
  • Daughter of St. Hafdis
  • Niece of Sigrun
Edith z Wessexu Snaedis I May 3rd, 1116 July 30th, 1131
  • Grand-daughter of Thorey I
Hafdis II Vin (The Kalmar Union) Hafdis II July 30th, 1131 May 3rd, 1142
  • Daughter of Snaedis I
Asdis I Vin (The Kalmar Union) Asdis I May 3rd, 1142 October 12th, 1142
  • Daughter of Snaedis I
  • Sister of Hafdis II
Iofridr (The Kalmar Union) Iofridr October 12th, 1142 November 1st, 1201
  • Daughter of Snaedis I
  • Sister of Asdis I
Thorey II (The Kalmar Union) Thorey II November 1st, 1201 June 3rd, 1206
  • Daughter of Iofridr
Kristjana I (The Kalmar Union) Kristjana I June 3rd, 1206 April 16th, 1230
  • Daughter of Iofridr
  • Sister of Thorey II
Jakobina I (The Kalmar Union) Jakobina I April 16th, 1230 November 14th, 1231
  • Daughter of Iofridr
  • Sister of Kristjana I
Freydis II (The Kalmar Union) Freydis II November 14th, 1231 May 6th, 1252
  • Daughter of Jakobina I
Thorey III (The Kalmar Union) Thorey III May 6th, 1252 May 16th, 1261
  • Third-Cousin of Freydis II
  • Great-Great-Grand-Daughter of Snaedis I
Kristjana II (The Kalmar Union) Kristjana II May 16th, 1261 September 17th, 1280
  • Daughter of Thorey III
Thyri Vin (The Kalmar Union) Thyri September 17th, 1280 November 14th, 1287
  • Election by Althing
  • Grand-Daughter of Freydis II
Kristjana III (The Kalmar Union) Kristjana III November 14th, 1287 December 1st, 1301
  • Daughter of Thyri
Hafdis III (The Kalmar Union) Hafdis III December 1st, 1301 June 4th, 1320
  • Grand-daughter of Kristjana II
Kristjana IV (The Kalmar Union) Kristjana IV June 4th, 1320 December 3rd, 1352
  • Daughter of Hafdis III
Geirfrithur (The Kalmar Union) Geirfrithur December 3rd, 1352 February 1st, 1355
  • Daughter of Hafdis III
  • Half-sister of Kristjana IV
Snaedis II (The Kalmar Union) Snaedis II February 1st, 1355 October 4th, 1390
  • Daughter of Geirfrithur
Kristjana V (The Kalmar Union) Kristjana V October 4th, 1390 Deposed December 1405
  • Daughter of Snaedis II
Asdis II (The Kalmar Union) Asdis II Elected 1395

Assumed throne December, 1405

September 3rd, 1420
  • Elected by Althing
  • Cousin of Kristjana V
Hafdis IV (The Kalmar Union) Hafdis IV September 3rd, 1420 May 31st, 1453
  • Daughter of Asdis II
Rogier van der Weyden - Portrait of a Woman with a Winged Bonnet - Google Art Project Jakobina II May 31st, 1453 January 15th, 1503)
  • Daughter of Hafdis IV
Piero del Pollaiuolo - Profile Portrait of a Young Lady - Gemäldegalerie Berlin - Google Art Project Kristjana VI January 15th, 1502 May 26th, 1523
  • Grand-daughter of Jakobina II
Master of Moulins 004 Thorey IV May 26th, 1523 November 17th, 1560
  • Niece of Kristjana VI
Asdis III (The Kalmar Union) Asdis III November 17th, 1560 November 14th, 1579
  • Daughter of Thorey IV
Anne of Cleves, by Hans Holbein the Younger Snaedis III November 14th, 1579 May 8th, 1603
  • Daughter of Asdis III
Marie-decleves Maídis May 8th, 1603 October 21st, 1617
  • Daughter of Snaedis III
Elizabeth de Vere Thorey V October 21st, 1617 April 5th, 1621
  • Daughter of Maídis
Caterina van Hemessen Portrait of a Lady Freydis III April 5th, 1621 December 1st, 1647
  • Daughter of Maídis
  • Sister of Thorey V
Anthonis van Dyck 021 Greta I December 1st, 1647 June 3rd, 1681
  • Daughter of Freydis III
Lossy-page1-720px-Anthony van Dyck - A Genoese Lady with Her Child - 1954.392 - Cleveland Museum of Art.tiff Thorey VI June 3rd, 1681 March 27th, 1694
  • Daughter of Greta I
Catherine of Braganza Thorey VII March 27th, 1694 June 18th, 1712
  • Daughter of Thorey VI
Portrait of a Lady, said to be Louise Julie de Nesle, Comtesse de Mailly by Alexis Grimou Eyfinna I June 18th, 1712 February 16th, 1733
  • Daughter of Thorey VI
  • Sister of Thorey VII
Gerrit van Honthorst (c.1590-1592-1656) - Princess Louise Hollandine (1622–1709), Princess Palatine, Abbess of Maubuisson - 493055 - National Trust Greta II February 16th, 1733 December 2nd, 1756
  • Daughter of Eyfinna I
PrincessMaryofGreatBritain LandgravineofHesse Eyfinna II December 2nd, 1756 March 3rd, 1790
  • Cousin of Greta II
  • Grand-daughter of Thorey VI
Maria Anna of Saxony Lára March 3rd, 1790 September 7th, 1819
  • Election by Althing
  • Distant cousin of Eyfinna II
Dorothy Cavendish, wife of William Cavendish Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland (1738-1809) by George Romney Svenný I September 7th, 1819 April 24th, 1832
  • Daughter of Lára
Stieler- Auguste Hilber - Zweite Version Svenný II April 24th, 1832 October 15th, 1857
  • Cousin of Svenný I
  • Grand-daughter of Lára
Caroline Louisa Pratt Bartlett by Rembrandt Peale - BMA Kristjana VII October 15th, 1857 8th September, 1885
  • Daughter of Svenný II
Dorothea von Lieven Svenný III 8th September, 1885 1902
  • Daughter of Kristjana VII
Joseph Karl Stieler- Nanette Kaula Thorey VIII 1902 1931
  • Daughter of Svenný III
Queen Louise of Denmark (1851-1926) Sofía 1931 1960
Robert Antoine Müller (active 1872-83) - Princess Dagmar of Denmark, Maria Feodorovna, Tsarina of Russia (1847-1928) - RCIN 404018 - Royal Collection Kristjana VIII 1960 1988
Grand Duchess Maria nikolaevna Kristjana IX January 2nd, 1988
  • Daughter of Kristjana VIII

Eiriksson/Eiriksdottír Family Tree[]

A simplified family tree of the main line of descent of the Vinlandic queens.

Thorvald Asvaldsson
 
 
 
Unknown
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Eirik
'the Red'
Thorvaldsson
 
 
 
Thjorhild?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Leif Eiriksson
 
Thorvald
Eiriksson
 
Thorstein Eiriksson
 
Gudrid Thorbjarnars-
dottír
 
Thorfinn Karlsefni
 
Thorir?
 
Freydis I Eiriksdottír
Freydis I (The Kalmar Union)
 
Ulf Bjornsson
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2 Sons

Earls of Greenland
 
 
 
 
 
Snorri Thorfinnsson
 
Thorbjorn Thorfinnsson
 
Hjorlefiur Ulfsson
 
St. Hafdis I Thorirsdottír
Hafdis I Vin small (The Kalmar Union)
 
Sigrun Ulfsdottír
Sigrun Vin (The Kalmar Union)
 
Jón Arasson
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stymir Hjorlefiurs-
son
 
Halfdan Hjorlefiurs-
son
 
Thorgerd Dufthakrs-
dottír
 
Thorey I Hjorlefiurs-
dottír

Thorey I (The Kalmar Union)
 
 
 
Snorri Jónsson
 
Kolbeinn Jónsson
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Eirik Halfdansson
 
Gudrid Halfdansdottír
 
Gunnar
Grimrsson
 
Ulfljótr Halfdansson
 
Egil Halfdansson
 
 
 
 
 
Earls of Markland
 
Earls of Eikland
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Thorgeir Gunnarsson
 
 
 
Snaedis I Gunnarsdottír
Edith z Wessexu
 
Osvífr Bjornsson
 
Earls of Kyreyja
 
Earls of Ingolfursey
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earls of Vinland
 
Hafdis II Osvífrsdottír
Hafdis II Vin (The Kalmar Union)
 
Kári Einarsson
 
Elisiv Osvífrsdottír
Elisiv (The Kalmar Union)
(Queen of Álengiamark)
 
Grimhild Osvífrsdottír
 
Thorlákur Throddsson
 
Asdis I Osvífrsdottír
Asdis I Vin (The Kalmar Union)
 
Jón Osvífrsson
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Iofridr Kárisdottír
Iofridr (The Kalmar Union)
 
Ulf Jokullsson
 
Thorvald Kárisson
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Birkir Thorlákursson
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5 Sons

Eythor
Hákon
Tryggvi
Athalsteinn
Skuli
 
Eydis
Ulfsdottír

Eydis Álengia (The Kalmar Union)
(Queen of Álengiamark)
 
Thorey II
Ulfsdottír

Thorey II Vin (The Kalmar Union)
 
Kristjana Ulfsdottír
Kristjana I (The Kalmar Union)
 
Sturla Gissurarsson
 
Jakobina I Ulfsdottír
Jakobina I (The Kalmar Union)
 
Hrafn Kárasson
 
Gunn Birkirsson
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Freydis II Hrafnsdottír
Freydis II (The Kalmar Union)
 
Pjetur Jorundursson
 
Gudmundur Hrafnsson
 
1 Other Son
1 Other Daughter
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Hlynor Guthnisson
 
Thorey III Gunnsdottír
Thorey III (The Kalmar Union)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Invar Gudmund-
ursson
 
Hafsteinn Ingolfursson
 
Kristjana II
Hlynursdottír

Kristjana II (The Kalmar Union)
 
Gardar Ivarsson
 
Eythor Hlynorsson
 
Valdemar Hlynursson
 
Adalheidur Hlynursdottír
 
Vilhjálmur Hlynursson
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Thyri Invarsdottír
Thyri Vin (The Kalmar Union)
 
Olaf Skulisson
 
 
Orn Gardarsson
 
Snaedis Gardarsdottír
 
Kári Olafsson
 
Áslaug Gardarsdottír
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kristjana III Olafsdottír
Kristjana III (The Kalmar Union)
 
Sigurthur Asgeirsson
 
 
Eric III
Of Denmark
 
Halfdan Eythorsson
 
Hafdis III Kárisdottír
Hafdis III (The Kalmar Union)
 
Elvar Elvarsson
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Otto Ericsson
(Otto of Denmark)
 
Kristjana IV Halfdansdottír
Kristjana IV (The Kalmar Union)
 
Ari Tállsson
 
Geirfrithur Elvarsdottír
Geirfrithur (The Kalmar Union)
 
Vilhjálmur Magnusson
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Runólf Arisson
 
Thordis Jónsdottír
 
Svend Arisson
 
 
 
 
 
Oláf Valdemarsson
 
Snaedis II Vilhjálmursdottír
Snaedis II (The Kalmar Union)
 
Bjarki Vilhjálmursson
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Birgir Magnusson
 
Asdis II Svendsdottír
Asdis II (The Kalmar Union)
 
 
Bjarni Oláfsson
 
Otto Oláfsson
 
Kristjana V Oláfsdottír
Kristjana V (The Kalmar Union)
 
Steinar Hannesson
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Snaedis Birgirsdottír
 
Jón Birgirsson
 
Hafdis IV Birgirsdottír
Hafdis IV (The Kalmar Union)
 
Kristian Hákonsson
 
Elisabet Birgirsdottír
 
Johánn Birgirsson
 
Birgir Birgirsson
 
 


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