This a List of Presidents of the United States. The President of the United States is the head of state and the head of government of the United States. As chief of the executive branch and head of the federal government as a whole, the Presidency is the highest political official position in the United States by influence and recognition. The President is also the Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. armed forces. The President is indirectly elected to a four year term by an Electoral College. Since the ratification of the Twenty-second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1951, no person may be elected to the office of the President more than twice.
List of Presidents
- Parties
No. [n 1] |
President | Took office | Left office | Party | Term [n 1] |
Vice President | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | George Washington (1732–1799) |
April 30, 1789 | March 4, 1797 | no party | 1 (1789) | John Adams | ||
2 (1792) | ||||||||
2 | John Adams (1735–1826) |
March 4, 1797 | March 4, 1801 | Federalist | 3 (1796) | Thomas Jefferson | ||
3 | Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826) |
March 4, 1801 | March 4, 1809 | Democratic- Republican |
4 (1800) | Aaron Burr | ||
5 (1804) | George Clinton | |||||||
4 | James Madison (1751–1836) |
March 4, 1809 | March 4, 1817 | Democratic- Republican |
6 (1808) | George Clinton[n 2] March 4, 1809 – April 20, 1812 | ||
vacant[n 3] April 20, 1812 – March 4, 1813 | ||||||||
7 (1812) | Elbridge Gerry[n 2] April 20, 1812 – March 4, 1813 March 4, 1813 – November 23, 1814 | |||||||
vacant[n 3] November 23, 1814 – March 4, 1817 | ||||||||
5 | James Monroe (1758–1831) |
March 4, 1817 | March 4, 1825 | Democratic- Republican |
8 (1816) | Daniel D. Tompkins | ||
9 (1820) | ||||||||
6 | John Quincy Adams (1767–1848) |
March 4, 1825 | March 4, 1829 | Democratic- Republican |
10 (1824) | John C. Calhoun | ||
7 | Andrew Jackson (1767–1845) |
March 4, 1829 | March 4, 1837 | Democratic | 11 (1828) | John C. Calhoun[n 4] April 20, 1812 – March 4, 1813 March 4, 1829 – December 28, 1832 | ||
vacant[n 3] December 28, 1832 – March 4, 1833 | ||||||||
12 (1832) | [[Martin Van Buren | |||||||
8 | Martin Van Buren (1782–1862) |
March 4, 1837 | March 4, 1841 | Democratic | 13 (1836) | Richard Mentor Johnson | ||
9 | William Henry Harrison (1773–1841) |
March 4, 1841 | April 4, 1841 [n 2] |
Whig | 14 (1840) | John Tyler | ||
10 [n 5] |
John Tyler (1790–1862) |
April 4, 1841 | March 4, 1845 | Whig April 4, 1841 – September 13, 1841 |
vacant[n 3] | |||
No party[n 6] September 13, 1841 – March 4, 1845 | ||||||||
11 | James K. Polk (1795–1849) |
March 4, 1845 | March 4, 1849 | Democratic | 15 (1844) | George M. Dallas | ||
12 | Zachary Taylor (1784–1850) |
March 4, 1849 | July 9, 1850 [n 2] |
Whig | 16 (1848) | Millard Fillmore | ||
13 | Millard Fillmore (1800–1874) |
July 9, 1850 | March 4, 1853 | Whig | vacant[n 3] | |||
14 | Franklin Pierce (1804–1869) |
March 4, 1853 | March 4, 1857 | Democratic | 17 (1852) | William R. King[n 2] March 4, 1853 – April 18, 1853 | ||
vacant[n 3] April 18, 1853 – March 4, 1857 | ||||||||
15 | James Buchanan (1791–1868) |
March 4, 1857 | March 4, 1861 | Democratic | 18 (1856) | John C. Breckinridge | ||
16 | Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865) |
March 4, 1861 | April 15, 1865 [n 7] |
Republican | 19 (1860) | Hannibal Hamlin | ||
Republican National Union[n 8] |
20 (1864) | Andrew Johnson | ||||||
17 | Andrew Johnson (1808–1875) |
April 15, 1865 | March 4, 1869 | Democratic National Union;[n 8] No party[n 9] |
vacant [n 3] | |||
18 | Ulysses S. Grant (1822–1885) |
March 4, 1869 | March 4, 1877 | Republican | 21 (1868) | Schuyler Colfax | ||
22 (1872) | Henry Wilson[n 2] March 4, 1873 – November 22, 1875 | |||||||
vacant[n 3] November 22, 1875 – March 4, 1877 | ||||||||
19 | Rutherford B. Hayes (1822–1893) |
March 4, 1877 | March 4, 1881 | Republican | 23 (1876) | William A. Wheeler | ||
20 | James A. Garfield (1831–1881) |
March 4, 1881 | September 19, 1881 [n 7] |
Republican | 24 (1880) | Chester A. Arthur | ||
21 | Chester A. Arthur (1829–1886) |
September 19, 1881 | March 4, 1885 | Republican | vacant[n 3] | |||
22 | Grover Cleveland (1837–1908) |
March 4, 1885 | March 4, 1889 | Democratic | 25 (1884) | Thomas A. Hendricks[n 2] March 4, 1885 – November 25, 1885 | ||
vacant[n 3] November 25, 1885 – March 4, 1889 | ||||||||
23 | Benjamin Harrison (1833–1901) |
March 4, 1889 | March 4, 1893 | Republican | 26 (1888) | Levi P. Morton | ||
24 | Grover Cleveland (1837–1908) |
March 4, 1893 | March 4, 1897 | Democratic | 27 (1892) | Adlai Stevenson I | ||
25 | William McKinley (1843–1901) |
March 4, 1897 | September 14, 1901 [n 7] |
Republican | 28 (1896) | Garret Hobart[n 2] March 4, 1897 – November 21, 1899 | ||
vacant[n 3] November 21, 1899 – March 4, 1901 | ||||||||
29 (1900) | Theodore Roosevelt | |||||||
26 | Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919) |
September 14, 1901 | March 4, 1909 | Republican | vacant[n 3] | |||
30 (1904) | Charles W. Fairbanks | |||||||
27 | William Howard Taft (1857–1930) |
March 4, 1909 | March 4, 1913 | Republican | 31 (1908) | James S. Sherman[n 2] March 4, 1909 – October 30, 1912 | ||
vacant[n 3] October 30, 1912 – March 4, 1913 | ||||||||
28 | Woodrow Wilson (1856–1924) |
March 4, 1913 | March 4, 1921 | Democratic | 32 (1912) | Thomas R. Marshall | ||
33 (1916) | ||||||||
29 | Warren G. Harding (1865–1923) |
March 4, 1921 | August 2, 1923 [n 2] |
Republican | 34 (1920) | Calvin Coolidge | ||
30 | Calvin Coolidge (1872–1933) |
August 2, 1923 | March 4, 1929 | Republican | vacant[n 3] | |||
35 (1924) | Charles G. Dawes | |||||||
31 | Herbert Hoover (1874–1964) |
March 4, 1929 | March 4, 1933 | Republican | 36 (1928) | Charles Curtis | ||
32 | Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882–1945) |
March 4, 1933 | April 12, 1945 [n 2] |
Democratic | 37 (1932) [n 10] |
John Nance Garner | ||
38 (1936) | ||||||||
39 (1940) | Henry A. Wallace | |||||||
40 (1944) | Harry S. Truman | |||||||
33 | Harry S. Truman (1884–1972) |
April 12, 1945 | January 20, 1953 | Democratic | vacant[n 3] | |||
41 (1948) | Alben W. Barkley
1949 - 1953 | |||||||
34 | Dwight D. Eisenhower (1890–1969) |
January 20, 1953 | January 20, 1961 [n 11] |
Republican | 42 (1952) | Richard Nixon | ||
43 (1956) | ||||||||
35 | John F. Kennedy (1917–1988) |
20 January 1961 | 20 January 1969 | Democratic | 44 (1960) | Lyndon B. Johnson | ||
45 (1964) | ||||||||
36 | Richard Nixon (1913–1994) |
January 20, 1969 | August 9, 1974 [n 4] |
Republican | 46 (1968) | Spiro Agnew[n 4] January 20, 1969 – October 10, 1973 | ||
47 (1972) | ||||||||
vacant[n 3] October 10, 1973 – December 6, 1973 | ||||||||
Gerald Ford December 6, 1973 – August 9, 1974 | ||||||||
37 | Gerald Ford (1913–2006) |
August 9, 1974 | January 20, 1977 | Republican | vacant[n 3] August 9, 1974 – December 19, 1974 | |||
Nelson Rockefeller December 19, 1974 – January 20, 1977 | ||||||||
38 | Jimmy Carter (1924– ) |
January 20, 1977 | January 20, 1981 | Democratic | 48 (1976) | Walter Mondale | ||
39 | Ronald Reagan (1911–2004) |
January 20, 1981 | January 20, 1989 | Republican | 49 (1980) | George H. W. Bush | ||
50 (1984) | ||||||||
40 | George H. W. Bush (1924– ) |
20 January 1989 | 20 January 1993 | Republican | 51 (1988) | Dan Quayle | ||
41 | Bill Clinton (1946– ) |
20 January 1993 | 20 January 2001 | Democratic | 52 (1992) | Al Gore | ||
53 (1996) | ||||||||
42 | John McCain (1936– ) |
20 January 2001 | 20 January 2009 | Republican | 54 (2000) | John Danforth | ||
55 (2004) | ||||||||
43 | Hillary Rodham Clinton (1947– ) |
20 January 2009 | Incumbent | Democratic | 56 (2008) | Joe Biden | ||
57 (2012) | ||||||||
44 | President-elect Barack Obama (1961– ) |
Beginning 20 January 2017 |
– | Democratic | 58 (2016) | Tim Kaine |
Living former presidents
As of October 2015, there are four living former presidents:
President | Term of office | Date of birth |
---|---|---|
Jimmy Carter | 1977–1981 | October 1, 1924 |
George H. W. Bush | 1989–1993 | June 12, 1924 |
Bill Clinton | 1993–2001 | August 19, 1946 |
John McCain | 2001–2009 | August 29, 1936 |
The most recent death of a former president was that of Gerald Ford (1974–1977) on December 26, 2006.
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 For the purposes of numbering, a presidency is defined as an uninterupted period of time in office served by one person. For example, George Washington served two consecutive terms and is counted as the first president (not the first and second). Upon the resignation of 37th president Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford became the 38th president even though he simply served out the remainder of Nixon's second term and was never elected to the presidency in his own right. Grover Cleveland was both the 22nd president and the 24th president, his two terms having been non-consecutive. A period during which a vice-president temporarily becomes Acting President under the Twenty-fifth Amendment is not a presidency, because the president remains in office during such a period.
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 Died in office of natural causes.
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 Prior to ratification of the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1967, there was no mechanism by which a vacancy in the Vice Presidency could be filled. Richard Nixon was the first president to fill such a vacancy under the provisions of the Twenty-fifth Amendment when he appointed Gerald Ford. Ford later became the second president to fill a vice presidential vacancy when he appointed Nelson Rockefeller to succeed him.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Resigned.
- ↑ Being the first vice president to assume the presidency, Tyler set a precedent that a vice president who assumes the office of president becomes a fully functioning president who has his own presidency, as opposed to just a caretaker president. His political opponents attempted to refer to him as "Acting President", but he refused to allow that. The Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution put Tyler's precedent into the Constitution.
- ↑ Former Democrat who ran for Vice President on Whig ticket. Clashed with Whig congressional leaders and was expelled from the Whig party in 1841.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Assassinated.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson were, respectively, a Republican and a Democrat who ran on the National Union ticket in 1864.
- ↑ Andrew Johnson did not identify with the two main parties while president and tried and failed to build a party of loyalists under the National Union label. His failure to build a true National Union Party left Johnson without a party.
- ↑ This term was shortened by 43 days due to the Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution going into effect, moving inauguration day from March 4 to January 20.
- ↑ Dwight Eisenhower is the first president to have been legally prohibited by the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution from seeking a third term.
See also
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