This page lists all emperors of the Holy Roman Empire in Principia Moderni III.
List of emperors
- See also: List of German monarchs
This list includes all emperors of the Holy Roman Empire.
Emperors before Otto the Great
Traditional historiography claimed a continuity between the Carolingian Empire and the Holy Roman Empire. This is rejected by some modern historians, who date the foundation of the Holy Roman Empire to 962. The rulers who were crowned as Emperors in the West before 962 were as follows:
Carolingian dynasty
| Image | Name | Life | Coronation | Ceased to be Emperor | Descent from Emperor | Coin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Charles I (Charlemagne) |
2 April 742 - 28 January 814 |
25 December 800 | 28 January 814 | Founder of the Holy Roman Empire |  |
 |
Louis I | 778 - 20 June 840 |
1st 11 September 813 2nd 5 October 816 |
20 June 840 | son of Emperor Charles I |  |
 |
Lothair I | 795 - 29 September 855 |
5 April 823 | 29 September 855 | son of Emperor Louis I |  |
 |
Louis II | 825 - 12 August 875 |
1st Easter 850 2nd 18 May 872 |
12 August 875 | son of Emperor Lothair I |  |
 |
Charles II | 13 June 823 - 6 October 877 |
29 December 875 | 6 October 877 | son of Emperor Louis I |  |
 |
Charles III | 13 June 839 - 13 January 888 |
12 February 881 | 13 January 888 | grandson of Emperor Louis I |  |
Guideschi dynasty
| Image | Name | Life | Coronation | Ceased to be Emperor | Descent from Emperor | Coin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Guy | 855 - 12 December 894 |
May 891 | 12 December 894 | great-great grandson of Emperor Charles I | - |
|
Lambert | 880 - 15 October 898 |
30 April 892 | 15 October 898 | son of Emperor Guy | - |
Carolingian dynasty
| Image | Name | Life | Coronation | Ceased to be Emperor | Descent from Emperor | Coin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Arnulph | 850 - 8 December 899 |
22 February 896 | 8 December 899 | nephew of Charles III and great-grandson of Emperor Louis I |
- |
Bosonid dynasty
| Image | Name | Life | Coronation | Ceased to be Emperor | Descent from Emperor | Coin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Louis III | 880 - 28 June 928 |
22 February 901 | 21 July 905 | grandson of Emperor Louis II | - |
Unruoching dynasty
| Image | Name | Life | Coronation | Ceased to be Emperor | Descent from Emperor | Coin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Berengar | 845 - 7 April 924 |
December 915 | 7 April 924 | grandson of Emperor Louis I | - |
There was no emperor in the west between 924 and 962.
Holy Roman Emperors
Ottonian (Saxon) dynasty
| # | Image | Name | Life | Election | Coronation | Ceased to be Emperor | Descent from Emperor | Seal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  |
Otto I | 23 November 912 - 7 May 973 |
- | 2 February 962 | 7 May 973 | great-great-great grandson of Emperor Louis I |  |
| 2 |  |
Otto II | 955 - 7 December 983 |
961 | 25 December 967 | 7 December 983 | son of Emperor Otto I | |
| 3 |  |
Otto III | 980 - 23 January 1002 |
June 983 | 21 May 996 | 23 January 1002 | son of Emperor Otto II |  |
| 4 |  |
Henry II |
6 May 973 - 13 July 1024 |
7 June 1002 | 14 February 1014 | 13 July 1024 | second cousin of Emperor Otto III and great-great-great-great-great grandson of Emperor Louis I |
Salian (Frankish) dynasty
| # | Image | Name | Life | Election | Coronation | Ceased to be Emperor | Descent from Emperor | Seal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 |  |
Conrad II |
990 - 4 June 1039 |
1024 | 26 March 1027 | 4 June 1039 | great-great-grandson of Emperor Otto I | |
| 6 |  |
Henry III | 29 October 1017 - 5 October 1056 |
1028 | 25 December 1046 | 5 October 1056 | son of Emperor Conrad II |  |
| 7 |  |
Henry IV | 11 November 1050 - 7 August 1106 |
1053 | 31 March 1084 | December 1105 | son of Emperor Henry III |  |
| 8 |  |
Henry V |
8 November 1086 - 23 May 1125 |
6 January 1099 | 13 April 1111 | 23 May 1125 | son of Emperor Henry IV |  |
Supplinburg dynasty
| # | Image | Name | Life | Election | Coronation | Ceased to be Emperor | Descent from Emperor | Seal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9 |  |
Lothair III |
9 June 1075 - 4 December 1137 |
1125 | 4 June 1133 | 4 December 1137 | perhaps 9th generation descendant of Emperor Otto I or 11th generation descendant of Emperor Charles II |
|
Staufen (or Hohenstaufen) dynasty
| # | Image | Name | Life | Election | Coronation | Ceased to be Emperor | Descent from Emperor | Arms |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 |  |
Frederick I | 1122 - 10 June 1190 |
4 March 1152 | 18 June 1155 | 10 June 1190 | great-grandson of Emperor Henry IV |  |
| 11 |  |
Henry VI | November 1165 - 28 September 1197 |
? April 1169 | 14 April 1191 | 28 September 1197 | son of Emperor Frederick I | |
Welf dynasty
| # | Image | Name | Life | Election | Coronation | Ceased to be Emperor | Descent from Emperor | Arms |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12 |  |
Otto IV | 1175 or 1176 - 19 May 1218 |
9 June 1198 | 4 October 1209 | 1215 | great-grandson of Emperor Lothair III |  |
Staufen (or Hohenstaufen) dynasty
| # | Image | Name | Life | Election | Coronation | Ceased to be Emperor | Descent from Emperor | Arms |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13 |  |
Frederick II | 26 December 1194 - 13 December 1250 |
1196 1215 re-election |
22 November 1220 | 13 December 1250 | son of Emperor Henry VI | |
House of Luxembourg
| # | Image | Name | Life | Election | Coronation | Ceased to be emperor | Descent from emperor | Arms |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14 |  |
Henry VII | 1275/1279 - 24 August 1313 |
1308 | 29 June 1312 | 24 August 1313 | 13th generation descendant of Emperor Louis III |  |
House of Wittelsbach
| # | Image | Name | Life | Election | Coronation | Ceased to be emperor | Descent from emperor | Arms |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 |  |
Louis IV | 1 April 1282 - 11 October 1347 |
October 1314 | 17 January 1328 | 11 October 1347 | 6th generation descendant of Emperor Lothair III and 7th generation descendant of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor |  |
House of Luxembourg
| # | Image | Name | Life | Election | Coronation | Ceased to be emperor | Descent from emperor | Arms |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16 |  |
Charles IV | 14 May 1316 - 29 November 1378 |
11 July 1346/ 17 June 1349 re-election |
5 April 1355 | 29 November 1378 | grandson of Emperor Henry VII |  |
House of Habsburg
| # | Image | Name | Life | Election | Coronation | Ceased to be emperor | Descent from emperor | Arms |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18 |  |
Albert II | 1397 – 1464 | 1410 | 19 March 1411 | 1464 |  | |
| 18 |  |
George I | 1434 - 1486 |
1464 | 1486 | son of Emperor Albert II |  | |
| 19 |  |
Maximilian I | 1458 - 1508 |
1486 | 1487 | 1508 | son of Emperor George I | |
| 20 |  |
Charles V | 1486 - 1562 |
1508 | 1562 | son of Emperor Maximilian I |  | |
| 21 |  |
Ferdinand I | 1504 - 1592 |
1562 | 1563 | 1592 | son of Emperor Charles V | |
| 22 |  |
Wolfgang I | 1545 - 1622 |
1592 | 1593 | 1622 | son of Emperor Ferdinand I | |
| 23 |  |
Leopold I | 1572 - 1649 |
1622 | 1622 | 1649 | son of Emperor Wolfgang I | |
| 24 |  |
Rudolph II | 1593 - 1677 |
1649 | 1649 | 1677 | son of Emperor Leopold I | |
| 25 |  |
Ferdinand II | 1612 - 1705 |
1677 | 1677 | 1705 | son of Emperor Rudolph II |
House of Habsburg(-Nassau-Orleans)
| # | Image | Name | Life | Election | Coronation | Ceased to be emperor | Descent from emperor | Arms |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26 |  |
Leopold II | 1670 - 1760 |
1705 | 1705 | 1760 | Great-grandson of Emperor Leopold I | |
| 27 |  |
Joseph I | 1703 - 1781 |
1760 | 1760 | 1781 | Son of Emperor Leopold II | |
| 27 |  |
Wolfgang II | 1703 - 1781 |
1760 | 1760 | 1781 | Son of Emperor Joseph I |
| |||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
