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Holy Roman Empire Timeline: Ninety-Five Theses (Map Game)
Heiliges Römisches Reich Imperium Romanum Sacrum OTL equivalent: Holy Roman Empire | |||||
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Holy Roman Empire (Purple) in 1517
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Capital | Wittenburg (Imperial Seat) Magdeburg (Judicial Seat) Dresden (Consultative Seat) | ||||
Largest city | Prague | ||||
Other cities | Leipzig, Munich, Nuremburg, Frankfurt | ||||
Official languages | Latin, German, Italian | ||||
Regional languages | Czech, Dutch, Frisian, French, Slovene, Sorbian | ||||
Government | Elective Monarchy | ||||
- | Royal House | House of Wettin | |||
Legislature | Imperial Diet | ||||
Establishment | |||||
- | Otto I is crowned Emperor of the Romans | 962 | |||
- | Golden Bull | 1356 | |||
Population | |||||
- | 1500 estimate | 20,000,000 | |||
Currency | Thaler |
The Holy Roman Empire (Latin: Imperium Romanum Sacrum, German: Heiliges Römisches Reich, Italian: Sacro Romano Impero) is a feudal federation of multi-ethnic territories in central Europe, including the Kingdom of Germany, the Kingdom of Bohemia, and several other territories.
History[]
Created from the nation of East Francia, a primary division of the Frankish Empire, the Holy Roman Empire arose on Christmas Day 800, when Pope Leo III crowned the Frankish king Charlemagne as Emperor, reviving the title in Western Europe after more than three centuries. The title passed in a disorganized manner during the decline and fragmentation of the Carolingian dynasty following Charlemagne's death in 814, eventually by 924 falling into complete disuse. In 962 the title would be officially revived with Otto I being crowned emperor, fashioning himself as the successor of Charlemagne and beginning a continuous existence of the empire to the present day.
MORE DETAILS
1521 - Big reforms
Government[]
The Holy Roman Empire has a unique government system. It has three branches of government, the imperial branch under the Emperor, the consultative branch under the Diet, and the judicial branch under the Imperial Chamber Court.
The Imperial branch is typically regarded to be the most powerful branch of the Empire's government. The Emperor acts as the executive and can largely make edicts by decree with limited power. The primary check upon his power is the electoral nature of the office; despite life-terms for the Emperors, their successors must be elected by a majority vote of the Electoral College. The Electors also serve within the Imperial branch, serving official functions, such as Arch-Steward and Arch-Treasurer of the Empire.
The judicial branch is to be consolidated from the Reichskammergericht and Reichshoftrat to simply the Reichskammergericht, which will be located in Magdeburg. The consultative branch is to be comprised of a standing Diet, to be established in Dresden. The Diet will be made up of eleven members, one from each Imperial Circle.
Imperial Diet[]
The Imperial Diet convenes here to discuss matters and propose resolutions to provide their opinion to the Emperor as a consultative body.
Each issue shall be added here as a sub-heading and then debated with a final text approved.
List of Emperors[]
For a list of Emperors pre-1517, please see: List of Holy Roman Emperors
Holy Roman Emperors | |||||||
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Habsburg Dynasty | |||||||
# | Image | Name | Began | Ended | Notes | ||
19 | Maximilian | 1486 | 1519 | Son of Emperor Frederick III; Archduke of Austria | |||
Wettin Dynasty | |||||||
20 | Frederick IV | 1520 | 1526 | Prince-Elector of Saxony from 1486 | |||
21 | John | 1526 | 1532 | Brother of Emperor Frederick IV; Prince-Elector of Saxony from 1526 | |||
Habsburg Dynasty | |||||||
22 | Ferdinand | 1532 | Present | Grandson of Maximilian I; Archduke of Austria | |||
Members[]
Electors[]
1356 - 1522
- Archbishop of Mainz - Arch-Chancellor of Italy
- Archbishop of Trier - Arch-Chancellor of Burgundy
- Archbishop of Cologne - Arch-Chancellor of Germany
- Kingdom of Bohemia - Arch-Cupbearer
- County Palatine of the Rhine - Arch-Steward
- Electorate of Saxony - Arch-Marshall
- Margraviate of Brandenburg - Arch-Chamberlain
1522 - 1533
- Archbishop of Mainz - Arch-Chancellor of Italy
- Archbishop of Trier - Arch-Chancellor of Burgundy
- Archbishop of Cologne - Arch-Chancellor of Germany
- Kingdom of Bohemia - Arch-Cupbearer
- County Palatine of the Rhine - Arch-Steward
- Electorate of Saxony - Arch-Marshall
- Margraviate of Brandenburg - Arch-Chamberlain
- Electorate of Württemberg - Arch-Treasurer
1533 - Present
- Archbishop of Mainz - Arch-Chancellor of Italy
- Archbishop of Trier - Arch-Chancellor of Burgundy
- Archbishop of Cologne - Arch-Chancellor of Germany
- Kingdom of Bohemia - Arch-Cupbearer
- County Palatine of the Rhine - Arch-Steward
- Electorate of Saxony - Arch-Marshall
- Margraviate of Brandenburg - Arch-Chamberlain
- Electorate-Republic of Florence - Arch-Treasurer
Other Members[]
- Burgundian Circle
- Flanders
- Cambrai
- Hainaut
- Liege
- Namur
- Brabant
- Breda
- Holland
- Utrecht
- Limburg
- Geldern
- Westphalian Circle
- Upper Rhenish Circle
- Electoral Rhenish Circle
- Lower Saxon Circle
- Upper Saxon Circle
- Bohemian Circle
- Franconian Circle
- Austrian Circle
- Swabian Circle
- Italian Circle
Imperial Elections[]
Electors
- Archbishop of Mainz
- Archbishop of Trier
- Archbishop of Cologne
- Kingdom of Bohemia
- County Palatine of the Rhine
- Electorate of Saxony
- Margraviate of Brandenburg
- Electorate of Württemberg
1519[]
Following the death of Maximilian, the Electoral College met in Frankfurt to elect the next Emperor. Frederick III von Wettin, Elector of Saxony, suggested himself as a ruler, after the succession crisis in Spain and Austria threatened to destabilize the Empire. Frederick also proposed greater power for the Electors in imperial affairs and a reinstitution of the Reichsregiment, which Maximilian had abandoned.
Votes
- Mainz: Frederick III von Wettin
- Trier: Charles I of Spain
- Cologne: Louis the Jagiellonian
- Bohemia: Louis the Jagiellonian
- Palatine: Frederick III von Wettin
- Saxony: Frederick III von Wettin
- Brandenburg: Frederick III von Wettin
All mod responses (italicized) decided by RNG, between 4 candidates; Charles I of Spain, Frederick III, Louis the Jagellonian, and Ferdinand von Habsburg. (1-2 was Charles, 3-4 was Frederick, 5-6 was Louis, and 6-7 was Ferdinand von Habsburg).
After earning the support of Mainz, the Palatine, and Brandenburg, Frederick III von Wettin won the throne of the Holy Roman Empire. He was crowned Emperor in Rome by Pope Leo X in early 1520.
1526[]
The 1526 Imperial election took place in Dresden, which was to be the site of the standing Imperial Diet created by Emperor Frederick IV. Frederick's younger brother and heir to Saxony, John von Wettin stood for election on a platform of continuing his brother's popular reforms and protecting the religious liberties of individual landowners.
- Mainz: Louis
- Trier: Ferdinand
- Cologne: John von Wettin
- Bohemia:
- Palatinate: Ferdinand
- Saxony: John von Wettin
- Brandenburg: John von Wettin
- Württemberg: John von Wettin
All mod responses (italicized) decided by RNG, between 3 candidates; John von Wettin, Louis the Jagellonian, and Ferdinand von Habsburg. (1-3 was John von Wettin, 4-6 was Ferdinand, 7-9 was Louis)
1532[]
The 1532 Imperial elections took place at a tension-ridden period in the Empire's history. Strife between Catholics and Evangelicals had been brought to a peak when, in 1530, Emperor John von Wettin announced a separation between the Papacy and the Empire. His death two years later left the seat of the Emperor open to the Electoral College, which was half Evangelical (Bohemia, Saxony, Brandenburg, and Württemberg) and half Catholic (Mainz, Trier, Cologne, and the Palatinate).
After the initial Electors pledged their votes, with Saxony and Württemberg both agreeing upon a moderate, Joachim of Brandenburg, the Pope declared Ferdinand I, the Archduke of Austria, to be the next Holy Roman Empire.
- Mainz: Ferdinand I, Archduke of Austria
- Trier: Ferdinand I, Archduke of Austria
- Cologne: Ferdinand I, Archduke of Austria
- Bohemia: Vote Not Cast
- Palatinate: Ferdinand I, Archduke of Austria
- Saxony: Joachim, Margrave of Brandenburg
- Brandenburg: Vote Not Cast
- Württemberg: Joachim, Margrave of Brandenburg
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