From Alternative History

History of Rome-After Ætas ab Brian

G-O Civil War
Date	July 1640(887) - November 1646(893)
Result	Republican victory, reforms in government
Combatants SPQR Germanicus slave/gladiator Revolt Gaius Octavius Rebels Commanders Amando Corinthus Germanicus Octavius Troops Mobilized 422 000 1 100 000 498 000 Casualties includes civilian deaths 193 000 502 000 270 000

Contents 1 Germanicus 2 Octavius 3 Rome 4 Aftereffects

[edit] Germanicus

At first Germanicus' rebellion drew virtually all its manpower from slaves and gladiators, however, Germanicus had the full intention of leading the empire in legitimacy once victorious. After conference with his generals, he decided to pursue bribes and extortion to bring some Republican legionaries onto his side; pillage occupied cities to pay for mercenaries from Arabia, Parthia, and Europe; and most significantly, draft enormous numbers from the citizenry in rural and urban areas conquered. All these decisions were based on the hope of a quick victory and Germanicus' theories of how to revitalise the economy after. Germanicus and his advisers lacked the necessary strategic knowledge to perform the plan optimally. He was an effective orator in promoting his grand visions of democracy, but there were frequent rebellions in his own armies requiring mass executions of Roman citizens, damaging his image; fields were abandoned and brought famine to his side, though his mercantile experience prevented economic collapse. Despite these crippling consequences, Germanicus managed to field the largest armies in the conflict, necessitating the other factions to follow his lead in some capacity. Also he devalued his portion of the empire greatly by pawning off so much for mercenaries.

As a result of the great unrest in his armies and territories, one of Germanicus' generals were easily convinced to aid with his knife-in-back and his forces' surrender.

[edit] Octavius

Octavius' immediate concerns were not affected yet by Germanicus' gargantuan armies, in fact he was counting on Germanicus being occupied with the further east. He also had a strong legionary base and so he would end up drafting the fewest civilians. A paranoid individual, he wasted considerable time on Britannia, fearing its greater loyalty to the Republic than himself.

Although by August 1642(889) he had solid control of the west, his plans to invade Italy by sea, starting mid November were repulsed with considerable casualties on both sides and he had to resort to the traditional invasions through the alps(rail lines were not continuous enough to ride all the way through). Trying to work a narrow window before the winter, he quickly travelled by the in service rail lines with troops into northern Italia where his spies on the ground observed what appeared to be a massive Republican army possibly numbering 120 000 converging by foot from the east (likely an expeditionary force as Rome still controlled Dalmatia and Pannonia). Taken aback by this, he quickly pulled his troops back in a hiding position. When the army continued on south, he assumed it to be a force ordered to fortify a position against his current invasion. It was a large army, but Octavius and his generals decided that struck from behind, it could be, and had to be, destroyed. If it was routed it could still reinforce Rome's home garrison and potentially defeat him. He ordered a full attack on the army's undefended rear. At first the enemy was being defeated, but it's general turned out to be well experienced, quickly swinging several calvary units to his weaker forces on his western flanks. At first determined, Octavius then became desperate as the enormous army began regrouping and successfully fighting his forces. This went on for some time until Octavius was near ordering a retreat, but then things got crazy, hundreds of catapult shots began landing on the battlefield, slaughtering both sides. The haze of battle made comprehension of the situation impossible and Octavius had had enough. Ordering a full retreat, Octavius' forces encountered a small force opposing the them. He intended to fly by them but the enemy successfully drew his forces into melee and he was forced to engage them. Soon after, he found the previous huge army now running at his forces, then he was said to have though to himself: "Why are catapult shots landing on them?" The still larger army swept over his and the smaller opposition. Octavius noticed the larger army seemingly frenzied and attacking the force he was busy with as well as his own legionaries... Looking south through the dust clouds, he saw a neatly formed and organised force moving his way. Octavius began to panic that another massive force was coming to obliterate his troops "How can they have so many armies this size?!", but then noticed the troops of the initial army he was first fighting was poorly equipped compared to the one encountered later, some having the look of slaves form the east... ... He had been fighting Germanicus' men the whole time. Geramicus must have sent this force for some reason after Rome. Its general was skilled and had an enormous force, so perhaps it had had a chance. Now, both were considerably weakened, and as the true Republican files began tearing away at Germanicus' army's rear, Octavius called for retreat again, this time not waiting for his troops to acknowledge. The Germanicus force was still large. Perhaps, he thought, he could regroup again and destroy the home garrison when they were weakened from fighting Germanicus' men.

However, upon fully retreating from battle, Octavius noticed that from a 95 000 man force, he now had fewer than 2000. From later spy reports, only a handful of Germanicus' troops escaped and its general had fought to the death, pinned by a Republican's skillful manoeuvring.

A clever trap or lucky coincidence that both armies would be invading from the north had resulted in the obliteration of two of the Republic's largest opposing forces.

After the battle's conclusion, Octavius began his drafting programmes to raise new armies, but the republic's victory in north Italy signalled that sooner or later they would be ground down. Further more, as the war continued, in 1644(891) Octavius' paranoia reached new heights as he had several of his generals killed, accelerating his empire's defeat and opening him up to assassination as well.

[edit] Rome

Cut off from the loyalist east and caught in between these two factions, Rome managed a feat in its raising of armies to complement those it had control of. Expecting the traditional civil war path to come in from northern Italy, the Roman leadership began it preparation to defend the capital from a northern position, sending large numbers of troops and catapults for use against the armies. However, Octavius' sea invasion caught Rome off guard and the repulsion of Octavius' sea forces was a desperate battle. Thinking, with the vaposcurr lines not being repaired, that Octavius would wait until spring to try another tactic, they prepared for Germanicus' forces quickly moving, usually having to do so by foot, to arrive. When it was found the Octavius was sending another large force north before the winter, the Republican general Amando Corinthus saw a possible solution, had they been fighting only Germanicus the odds of success were seen as narrow. Using harassing tactics to slow down Germanicus' army, hiding a force further north, and moving all defencive positions south. He bet a lot on the two armies fighting each other and taking advantage of the confusion with respect to identification.

Vexillology from that point on became a very important focus in the war, few times after would forces be mistaken with one another. The drafting of large numbers of civilians also became commonplace on all sides.

The governors in the loyalist east defended against Germanicus' invasions but did not particularly contribute much to the war's outcome.

[edit] Aftereffects

in 1646(893) following the civil war's conclusion, there were many governing reforms enacted with the intention of reducing the risk of civil war. The war was especially damaging to the east due to Germanicus' destructive policies.

Germania Inferior and Ulterior were combined as Germania Inferior.

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1634(881)-1650(897)