Treaty of Campo Formio (No Napoleon)

Map of Central Europe after the treaty

The Treaty of Campo Formio (or Peace of Campo Formio) was signed on 18 October 1797 (27 Vendémiaire, Year VI) by the French Consulate and several European representatives. The treaty marked the victorious conclusion to the French Revolution, as well as Napoleon's various successful campaigns in Italy.

Terms of the treaty

The terms of the treaty included:

1. The Coalition of Austria, Britain and Prussia are to recognize France as a republic, as well as her client republics.
2. France would cease all military expansions in sovereign European nations. Any further expansion into Europe would, of course, mean war.
3. France makes several territorial additions, including the Austrian Netherlands, lands up to the Rhine, the original Duchy of Savoy and the County of Nice, and the Ionian Islands.
4. Austria would gain the rump Venetian Province in Italy.

French client states

Europe at the signing of the treaty, 1797

After numerous successful military expeditions in Italy, revolutionist France had claimed several Italian states as French client republics, which were mostly used to support the spread of republican principles in Europe. The French government had made claims to the lands, which were not universally accepted by the Coalition. These, however, were established through the Treaty of Campo Formio. The states were not to be annexed and admitted as departments, but were instead given status as nations as protectorates of France. The treaty established the following states as French client republics:

• Batavia
• Ligurian Republic
• Cisalpine Republic
• Roman Republic