Alternative History
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      Imperial military victory
      Imperial military defeat
      Indecisive or unclear outcome

Pre-Dark Age (1249-1348)[]

War Date Location Romans and allies Enemies Result
Emperor Romanos V (1249-1312)
Imperial Restoration 1249-1290 Balkan

Adriatic Sea

Aegean Sea

Constantinople

Byzantine FlagRoman Empire

Flag of the Second Bulgarian EmpireBulgaria

Flag of GenoaGenoa (early)

Königsbanner 14JhHRE

Il Khanate (later)

Flag of The Latin Empire Latin Empire

Flag of Most Serene Republic of VeniceRepublic of Venice

Flag of GenoaGenoa (later)

Flag of The Latin EmpireLatin League

Flag of GenoaLombard League


Seljuk rebels
Total victory
  • Roman Empire restored under Romanos V
  • Restoration of imperial control over former territories
  • Imperial Reformation
Bulgarian War on Succession 1249 Bulgaria Flag of the Second Bulgarian EmpireBulgaria under Anna

Byzantine FlagRoman Empire (early)

Flag of the Second Bulgarian EmpireBulgaria under Tikh

Byzantine FlagRoman Empire (later)

Victory
  • Constantine Tikh enthroned
  • Bulgarian-Imperial alliance
Northern Italy Campaign 1249-1269 North Italy Königsbanner 14JhHRE

Byzantine FlagRoman Empire

Bandera de SienaRepublic of Siena

PisaRepublic of Pisa

Stemma ModenaRepublic of Terni

Pantelleria flagRepublic of Pantelleria

Cross of the Knights TemplarTemplars

Königsbanner 14JhWelfians

VeniceflagRepublic of Venice

Flag of GenoaLombard League

FlorenceCoARepublic of Florence

Shield Republic of LuccaRepublic of Lucca

Bologna-StemmaCommune of Bologna

Flag of the Repubblica AnconitanaRepublic of Ancona

Flag of GenoaRepublic of Genoa

Flag of The Latin EmpireLatin League

Strategic victory
  • Staufen dynasty fall prevented
  • Imperial forces secured Northern Italy
  • Italian League formed
Great Crusade 1260-1264 Middle East EdedIl Khanate

Byzantine FlagRoman Empire

Flag of Cilicia (TNE)Armenia

GeorgiakingGeorgia

Cross of the Knights TemplarOrder of Templars

Crusades TFCrusader States

Hafsid Flag - TunisiaHafsids

Mamluk FlagMamluk Sultanate

AbbasidflagAbbasid Caliphate

Flag of Ayyubid DynastyAyyubid dynasty

Flag of YemenLocal rulers

AssassinsḤashīshiyyīn

Overall victory:
  • Victories in Mesopotamia
  • Destruction of Ayyubids and Abbasids
  • Templar control over Jerusalem
  • Romans acquired wisdoms from Baghdad
  • Mamluks defeated Mongols and Crusaders at Sinai
Bohemian War on Succession 1265-1271 Bohemia Byzantine Flag Roman Empire

Flag of Bohemia Loyalists

Cities

Peasants

Merchants

Flag of Bohemia Vok supporters

Aristocracy

Clergy

Mercenaries

Decisive defeat:
  • Empire lost Kingdom of Bohemia
  • Premyslid dynasty deposed
  • Heavy casualties for Imperial Army
  • Some loot, include royal documents, gold and silver
First Imperial Civil War 1267 Roman Empire
  • Macedonia
Byzantine FlagRoman Empire Imperial Liberation Army Victory:
  • Reforms continue
Second Imperial Civil War 1270-1271 Roman Empire Byzantine FlagRoman Empire

EdedIl Khanate


Hungarian Republic (Day of Glory)Hungary
Byzantine FlagManuel Angelos Empire-in-the-Exile Costly victory:
  • Dynasty stabilized
  • Roman Empire weakened
War of Hungarian Succession 1270-1278 Hungary Cross of the Knights TemplarTemplars

Galicia flagGalicians

Duchy of Poland

Byzantine FlagRoman Empire (support)

Hungarian Republic (Day of Glory)Andrewits
Hungarian Republic (Day of Glory)Stephanits
NortheastflagTDSMagnates
Victory:
  • Lászlo I enthroned
  • Pro-imperial regime established
  • Hungarian power on Balkan weakened
Trebizond War 1275-1276 Eastern Anatolia Byzantine FlagRoman Empire TrebizondflagTrebizond Empire

EdedIl Khanate

Defeat:
  • Imperial reconquest failed
  • Trebizond Emperor kept imperial titles
  • Both Empire exhausted
Romanos Bulgarian Wars 1277-1293 Bulgaria Coat of arms of the Second Bulgarian EmpireBulgaria of Tikh (1277-1279)

Coat of arms of the Second Bulgarian EmpireBulgaria of Smilets (1279-1280)

Byzantine FlagRoman Empire

Coat of arms of the Second Bulgarian EmpireIvaylo rebels
  • Peasant Army
  • Rebel boyars
  • Palaiologine mercenaries

Coat of arms of the Second Bulgarian EmpireTerter rebels

Victory:
  • Ivaylo exiled and murdered
  • Decline and fall of Bulgarian statehood
  • Bulgaria annexed
Baltic Conflict 1278 Eastern Poland Byzantine FlagRoman Empire

Lithuania tssotwDuchy of Lithuania

Novgorod 3Republic of Novgorod

TeutonicCOAState of the Teutonic Order

Flag of the Papal States (pre 1808)Papal State

Decisive strategic victory:
  • Crusaders defeated
  • Independence of Lithuania secured
  • Fall of Teutonic Order
  • Lithuanian-Roman alliance
Bosnian War 1278-1289 Bosnia, Balkan Byzantine FlagRoman Empire Bosnian Kingdom - flagKotromanić Bosnia

Bosnian Church

Decisive victory:
  • Church of Bosnia annihilated
  • Province of Bosnia abolished
  • Direct imperial rule
First Pan-European War 1265-1369 Europe Königsbanner 14JhFrederick loyalists

Byzantine FlagRoman Empire

Flag of Bohemia Premyslid Bohemia

Englandarms Kingdom of England

Shield of the Kingdom of Portugal (1481-1910) Kingdom of Portugal

Coat of Arms of Latgale Baltic realms

Flag of the Second Bulgarian EmpireBulgaria

Königsbanner 14Jh Welfians

Königsbanner 14Jh Wittelsbachians

Flag of Bohemia Vok Bohemia

Flag of GenoaLombard League

Proposed German National Flag 1948 Great Commonwealth

Pavillon royal de la France France

Iberian union Iberians

Strategic defeat:
  • Hohenstaufens extincted
  • Romans lost allies in the HRE
  • Roman Empire contacts with Central and Western Europe severed
  • Large casualties
  • Premysloides lost prestige in Bohemia
  • Few territorial expansions (Sicily)
  • Baltic allies protected
  • Rise of Roman isolationism
Golden Horde punitive expedition against Romans 1286 Crimea Byzantine Flag Roman Empire Golden Horde flag 1339 Golden Horde

Trebizondflag Terbizond Empire

Strategic imperial victory:
  • Expedition defeated
  • Horde weakened
  • Decline of Trebizond
Imperial Restoration of Cyprus 1290 Cyprus Byzantine Flag Roman Empire Cyprus 1159 Kingdom of Cyprus Decisive victory:
  • Imperial rule on Cyprus restored
  • Imperial power in Mediterranean Sea strenghtened
Anti-Bandit Campaign of Cilicia 1293-1295 Cilician Armenia Byzantine Flag Roman Empire Various bandit groups Victory:
  • Cilicia secured
  • Banditism ended
  • Commerce and travelling restored
1st Imperial Campaign of Khuzestan 1302-1305 Middle East Byzantine Flag Roman Empire The Fires of God Persian flag Persia Major defeat:
  • Imperial forces defeated
  • Al-Faw imperial shipyard destroyed
  • Imperial Mesopotamia weakened
  • Persian counter-invasion defeated
Emperor Andronikos II (1312-1348) (???)
2nd Imperial Campaign of Khuzestan 1325-1333 Middle East Byzantine Flag Roman Empire The Fires of God Persian flag Persia Major victory:
  • Persian military capabilities crippled
  • Imperial Fleet secured Persian Gulf
  • Persians prevented main invasion
  • Empire secured local ports, treasures and cities
Imperial liberation of Sicily 1327 Sicily Byzantine Flag Roman Empire

Some local supporters

Königsbanner 14Jh Frederick loyalists (limited)

Kingdomof-Sicily Kingdom of Sicily

Proposed German National Flag 1948 Grand Commonwealth

Syracuse (Republic) Principality of Syracuse

Decisive victory:
  • Roman Empire liberated Sicily
  • Golden Age of Sicily
  • Empire economy improved
  • Anti-Imperial power over Mediterranean Sea collapsed
Intervention in Mazuria 1332 Mazuria, Baltic lands Byzantine Flag Roman Empire
  • Imperial province of Mazuria
  • Lithuanians

Englandarms Kingdom of England

CoatofArms-City-Hansa Free Cities Commonwealth

Königsbanner 14Jh Wittelsbachians

TeutonicCOA State of the Teutonic Order

Flag of the Papal States (pre 1808) Papal State

Proposed German National Flag 1948 Great Commonwealth

Polish Coat of Arms Polish Duchy


Decisive land defeat:
  • Imperial forces in Poland destroyed
  • Mazuria conquered by Crusaders
  • Danzig conquered by Crusaders
  • Teutonic Order restored

Strategic naval victory:

  • Anti-imperial fleet scattered
  • Imperial Fleet secured Baltic Sea
  • Imperial Fleet prevented Crusader invasion of Lithuania
Khafji Conflict 1342 North Arabia Byzantine Flag Roman Empire Simplified ancient Mesopotamian eight-pointed star symbol of Ishtar Empire of Mesopotamia

Mamluk Flag Mamluk Sultanate (secretly)

Decisive strategic victory:
  • Unified Arab tribes defeated
  • Mamluk lost influence over Arab tribes
  • Territorial expansion
  • Imperial ranks purged of traitors
Dark Age (1346-1356)
  • Emperor Andronikos II
  • Prince-Emperor Theodore (???, probably)
  • Prince-Emperor Valerianus (???, probably)
Unknown phenomenon 1346-1356 Europe

Middle East

Africa (partially)

Byzantine Flag Roman Empire

Königsbanner 14Jh Wittelsbachians

TeutonicCOA State of the Teutonic Order

Flag of the Papal States (pre 1808) Papal State

Proposed German National Flag 1948 Great Commonwealth

Polish Coat of Arms Polish Duchy

Königsbanner 14Jh Frederick loyalists

Englandarms Kingdom of England

Shield of the Kingdom of Portugal (1481-1910) Kingdom of Portugal

Coat of Arms of Latgale Baltic realms

Mamluk Flag Mamluk Sultanate

Unknown Draw/Costly victory:
  • Roman Empire gravely weakened
  • Roman Empire lost third of population and third of territories
  • Saint Atlantis gravely weakened
  • Saint Atlantis lost border regions
  • Mamluk Sultanate isolated
  • Cairo and Alexandria sacked

Post-Dark Age to Tiberian Wars (1358-1469)[]

War Date Location Romans and allies Enemies Result
Emperor Arcadius II (1360-1379)
Praetorian Coup of 1363 1363 Constantinople, Roman Empire Byzantine FlagRoman Empire remnants
  • Regents
  • Varangians
  • Loyalists
Flag of the Legion "Praetorians" Victory:
  • Coup failed
  • Emperor Arcadius position confirmed
  • Varangians loyalty proved
Purge of Aristocracy 1365 Roman Empire Byzantine Flag Roman Empire
  • Varangians
Byzantine Flag Roman Empire aristocracy
  • Arianites
  • Briennos
  • East Komnenids
  • Gablas
  • Gabras
  • Raouli
  • Rogerios
  • Tagaris
  • Vatatzes
Victory:
  • Imperial aristocracy purged
  • Aristocratic families slaughtered
  • Imperial autocracy strenghtened
  • Free peasants replace aristocracy
  • Arcadius Land Reform
Invasion of Baltic 1368-1369 Baltic lands Byzantine Flag Roman Empire

Lithuania tssotw Duchy of Lithuania

CoatofArms-City-Hansa Free Cities remnants

Königsbanner 14Jh Frederick loyalists

Mongol Empire emblem Mongol Empire remnants

Novgorod 3 Republic of Novgorod

Pskov CoA PM3 Pskov Republic

Königsbanner 14Jh Wittelsbachians

TeutonicCOA State of the Teutonic Order

Flag of the Papal States (pre 1808) Papal State

Proposed German National Flag 1948 Great Commonwealth

Polish Coat of Arms Polish Duchy

Total strategic victory:
  • Invasion defeated
  • Baltic lands protected
  • Destruction of Teutonic Order
  • Papal Forces in the northern Europe destroyed
  • Lithuanian-Roman alliance confirmed
  • King Casimir III captured
  • Polish Civil War
3rd Imperial Campaign of Khuzestan 1370 Middle East Byzantine Flag Roman Empire The Fires of God Persian flag Persia Total victory:
  • Roman Empire annex Persia
  • Persian Empire annexed, or collapsed in to rump states
  • End of Roman-Persian Wars
  • Roman Empire secured supremacy over Persian Gulf and Persia
Imperial Campaign of Rus 1370-1375 Ukraine and Russia Byzantine Flag Roman Empire

Novgorod 3 Republic of Novgorod

Pskov CoA PM3 Pskov Republic

Flag of Smolensk oblast Smolensk Republic (defected)

Arpadflagga hungary Hungary

Lithuania tssotw Duchy of Lithuania

Flag of Don Cossacks Volga Commonwealth
  • Dnieper Company
  • Voronezh
  • Tanais
  • Pontic Chiefdom

Principality of Nizhniy-Novgorod Republic of Nizhny Novgorod

Flag of Ryazan (Ryazan oblast) Republic of Ryazan

Flag of Lipetsk Oblast City of Lipetsk

Flag of Don Cossacks Pereyaslav Republic

Flag of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria (1800-1849), the Duchy of Bukovina (1849-1918) Duchy of Ruthenia

Flag of Smolensk oblast Smolensk Republic (later)

Strategic victory:
  • Fall of Volga Commonwealth
  • Lithuanian and southern imperial territories connected
  • Massive territorial expansion
  • Collapse of all anti-Imperial resistance in Russia and Ukraine
Imperial Campaign of Caucasus 1376-1379 Caucasus Byzantine Flag Roman Empire Bagratuni flag Kingdom of Georgia

Shirvan gerb Shirvan

Flag of Marghehids Karko-Badus Kingdom

Strategic victory:
  • Imperial power established on Caucasus
  • Kingdom of Georgia annexed
  • Imperial Province of Caucasus established
Emperor Valerianus II (1379-1385)
Nakhchivan conflict 1382 Eastern frontiers Byzantine Flag Roman Empire Shirvan gerb Shirvan Eventual victory:
  • First imperial forces defeated
  • Siege laid
  • Shirvan captured by imperials in October 1382
Emperor Valerianus III (1385-1432)
Polish War on Succession 1369-1400 Poland Byzantine FlagRoman Empire
  • House of Kassirski

Polish Coat of Arms Regency Council
  • House of Piast
Polish Coat of Arms Polish Szlachta
  • Wettins
  • Olshanski
  • Gryfici
  • Schachkowski
  • Kurnatowski
  • Ossowski
  • Jadwinski
Intervention victory:
  • Fall of regents
  • Szlachta defeated
  • Pro-Roman House enthroned
  • Poland incorporated in to the Roman Empire
Tamerlane invasion of Empire 1392-1408 Persia Byzantine Flag Roman Empire Timurid Timurid Empire Major victory:
  • Tamerlane invasion defeated
  • Tamerlane killed in battle
  • Timurid Empire fall appart
1st Central Asian Campaign 1392-1408 Central Asia Byzantine Flag Roman Empire Various realms, states and khanates

Timurd Empire remnants (later)

Victory:
  • Limited annexation of Central Asia
Western Frontiers war 1417 North Varronia Byzantine Flag Roman Empire
  • Powhata
Iroquois Flag Iroquois Confederation Disputed:
  • Empire defeated
  • Western Frontiers collapsed
  • Confederation weakened
Bank War of 1433 1431-33 Roman Empire Byzantine Flag Roman Empire
Flag of the CSTO (New Union) ITC bankers

Empire of Italia Flag Imperial Government


Palaiologos Dynasty emblem Palaiologos-Templar Banks
Tiberius victory:
  • Imperial Government weakened
  • Tiberius position improved
  • Autocracy centralized
  • Banking sector regulated or imperialized
Emperor Tiberius IV the Conqueror (1432-1469)
2nd Central Asian Campaign 1452-1455 Central Asia Byzantine Flag Roman Empire Flag of Uzbekistan (New Union) Uzbek Khanate

Kazakh Khanate Kazakh Khanate

Flag of the Emirate of Bukhara Bukhara Khanate

Flag of the Siberian tatar people Siberian Khanate

Victory:
  • Final annexation of Central Asia
Invasion of Afghanistan 1456-1460 Afghanistan Byzantine Flag Roman Empire Flag of Marghehids Mihrabandis of Afghanistan Decisive defeat:
  • Imperial invasion of Afghanistan defeated
Invasion of Madagascar 1461-1462 Madagascar

Persian Gulf

Byzantine Flag Roman Empire Pirate Republic of Madagascar Disputed:
  • Madagascar annexed
  • Massive imperial naval casualties
Invasion of Adal 1462-1464 Adal, Africa Byzantine Flag Roman Empire Flag of Adal Sultanate of Adal Victory:
  • Sultanate of Adal annexed
  • Roman Empire secure connection to Africa Horn
Northern Opium War 1465 Scandinavia Byzantine Flag Roman Empire
  • ITC
Kalmar Union Kalmar Union Defeat:
  • Imperial forces in Scandinavia defeated
  • Opium trade collapsed
  • Imperial Trading Company property confiscated
  • Empire retreated from Northern Europe
Imperial Invasion of Egypt 1465-1472 Roman Empire

Mamluk Sultanate

Byzantine Flag Roman Empire Mamluk Flag Mamluk Sultanate Strategic decisive victory:
  • Imperial rule in Egypt restored
  • Patriarchate of Alexandria restored
  • Fall of Mamluks
  • Mamluk Family killed
  • Islamic rule in Africa weakened
  • Imperial expansion in Africa
  • Emperor Tiberius IV killed in battle
  • Sack of Constantinople

From Basil to Arcadius (1469-1670)[]

War Date Location Romans and allies Enemies Result
Emperor Basil III (1469-1500)
Egypt Rebellion 1475 Egypt, Roman Empire Byzantine Flag Roman Empire Egypt Flag Final 2 Egypt rebels Victory:
  • Rebellion defeated
  • Egypt population replaced by Roman and Greek-born citizens
Corporate War of 1489 1489-1494 Varronia, Roman Empire Byzantine Flag Roman Empire Komnenos-Isaac-Arms Komnenian-Argyros oligarchy
Palaiologos Dynasty emblem Palaiologos-Templar Company
Victory:
  • Imperial State took control over commerce, import and export to colonies
  • Private militia disarmed
  • Order and law restored in colonies
Emperor Romanos VI the Digger (1501-1527)
Incan-Roman War 1526-1527 South Varronia Byzantine Flag Roman Empire Banner of the Inca Empire Incan Empire Disputed:
  • Fall of Incan Empire
  • Imperial colonization stalled
  • Socio-economical crisis in South Varronia
Emperor Constantine XI the Greatest (1527-1592)
Constantinian expansionist wars 1530-1592 Worldwide Byzantine Flag Roman Empire
  • Andaman natives
  • Flag of the Majapahit Empire Majapahit Empire
  • Flag of Kotte Kingdom of Ketto
  • Bengali Coat of arms Bengal Sultanate
  • Australian natives
  • Flag of Thailand (Ayutthaya period) Kingdom of Ayutthaya
  • Papuan natives
  • Flag of Cossackia (New Union) Siberian Hetmanate
  • Flag of the Inner Mongolian People's Party Siberian Khanate
  • Mm pcck2 Tuongoo Dynasty
  • Coat of arms of Indochina Dynasty Mạc
  • Arms of the House of Vasa Sweden
  • Kingdom of Finland Flag MF Free Finland
  • Flag of The Icelandic Commonwealth Commonwealth of Iceland
Overall imperial victory:
  • Massive territorial expansion
  • Imperial provinces established
  • Imperial invasion of Vietnam defeated
  • Imperial invasion of Burma defeated
Imperial Colonial War 1590-1692 Worldwide, mostly Asia and Varronia Grand Alliance:
  • Byzantine Flag Roman Empire
  • Hindu Communion
  • Persians
  • Mongol Empire remnants
  • Tibetian rebels
  • Kingdom of Eastern Afghanistan
  • Japan Empire
  • Vietnamese rebels
  • Khmer rebels
China Qi Empire Flag Celestial Empire Grand Alliance decisive victory:
  • Fall of Celestial Empire
  • Roman control over Varronia secured
  • Roman Empire became world superpower
Interregnum and Empress Theodora I (1592-1615)
Third Imperial Civil War 1592-1612 Roman territories Byzantine Flag Imperialists Byzantine Flag Justinianists
SPQR-Seal Republicans
Imperialist victory:
  • Emperor Justin III killed
  • Reign of Terror
  • Senate decimated
  • Imperial autocracy restored
  • Empress Theodora I murdered
  • Empress Irene I took throne
Empress Irene I and Emperor Arcadius III (1615-1670)
Imperial Colonial War 1590-1692 Worldwide, mostly Asia and Varronia Grand Alliance:
  • Byzantine Flag Roman Empire
  • Hindu Communion
  • Persians
  • Mongol Empire remnants
  • Tibetian rebels
  • Kingdom of Eastern Afghanistan
  • Japan Empire
  • Vietnamese rebels
  • Khmer rebels
China Qi Empire Flag Celestial Empire Grand Alliance decisive victory:
  • Fall of Celestial Empire
  • Roman control over Varronia secured
  • Roman Empire became world superpower
Italian War 1630-1633 Northern Italy Byzantine Flag Roman Empire Flag of the Papal States (pre 1808) Saint Atlantis Status quo ante bellum:
  • Atlantis rule over Lombard confirmed
  • Imperial religious victory (Sack of Milan)
  • Empire paid compensation

From Constantina I to Constantine XIV[]

War Date Location Romans and allies Enemies Result
Empress Constantina I the Great and Emperor Valerianus IV (1670-1752)
Chinese War of Independence 1692-1699 China Flag of Ming Dynasty Chinese Revival Alliance

Byzantine Flag Roman Empire

Alliance Flag Grand Alliance
  • Flag of the Maratha Empire Hindu Communion
  • Kokbayraq flag Xinjiang
  • Tibetanflagdharma Tibet

China Qi Empire Flag Celestial Empire Court (puppets)

Flag of the Shogunate States of Japan Kamakura Shogunate

Joseon Seal1 Joseon of Korea

Chinese-Imperial victory:
  • Defeat of Japan
  • End of occupation
  • Fall of Celestial Court
  • Joseon annexed by China
  • Roman Empire recognized China
  • China restored control over border regions
  • Fall of Tibet
  • Grand Alliance collapse
Second Pan-European War 1719-1745 Europe Byzantine Flag Roman Empire Flag of the Papal States (pre 1808) Saint Atlantis Long-term imperial victory:
  • Fall of Saint Atlantis
  • New imperial civil war
  • Nuclear destruction
  • Roman Empire annexed Europe, except England
"Last Imperial Civil War" 1745-1749 Roman territories Byzantine Flag Imperialists Byzantine Flag Arcadian rebels Imperial victory:
  • Emperor Valerianus IV confirmed
Separatist Crisis 1745-1795 Africa Flag of the West African Federation (Myomi Republic) Separatists

Byzantine Flag Roman Empire

Flag of Eweland (The Kalmar Union) African Opposition
EACFlag1 African Federation
Loyalists victory:
  • Welfarist radical reforms continued
  • Three of five regions secured by loyalists

Opposition defeat:

  • Opposition defeated and exiled

Separatist-Imperial victory:

  • Separatist republics left Federation and joined Empire
Empress Theodora II (1799-1846)
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