The March of Austria, also known as Marcha Orientalis, was first formed in 976 out of the lands that had once been the March of Pannonia in Carolingian times. The oldest attestation dates back to 996, where the written name "ostarrichi" occurs in a document transferring land in present-day Austria to a Bavarian monastery.
House of Babenberg[]
Name
Portrait
Birth
Marriages
Death
Leopold I the Illustrious (Luitpold der Erlauchte) 976–994
c. 940
Richardis of Sualafeldgau nine children
10 July 994 Würzburg aged about 54
Henry I the Strong (Heinrich der Starke) 994–1018
late 10th century son of Leopold I and Richardis of Sualafeldgau
never married
23 June 1018
Adalbert the Victorious (Adalbert der Siegreiche) 1018–1055
c. 985 son of Leopold I and Richardis of Sualafeldgau
(1) Glismod of West-Saxony two children (2) Frozza Orseolo no issue
26 May 1055 Melk aged about 70
Ernest the Brave (Ernst der Tapfere) 1055–1075
c. 1027 son of Adalbert and Glismod of West-Saxony
(1) Adelaide of Eilenburg 1060 three children (2) Swanhilde von der Ungarnmark 1072 no issue
10 June 1075 aged about 48
Leopold II the Fair (Luitpold der Schöne) 1075-1095
c. 1050 son of Ernest and Adelaide of Eilenburg
Ida of Cham 1065 eight children
12 October 1095 aged about 45
Leopold III the Good (Luitpold der Heilige) 1095–1136
c. 1073 Melk son of Leopold II and Ida of Cham
(1) Maria of Perg one son (2) Agnes of Germany 1106 eighteen children
15 November 1136 Vienna aged about 63
Leopold IV the Generous (Luitpold der Freigiebige) 1137–1141
c. 1108 son of Leopold III and Agnes of Germany
Maria of Bohemia 28 September 1138 no issue
18 October 1141 Niederalteich aged about 33
Henry II Jasomirgott (Heinrich Jasomirgott) 1141–1156
c. 1107 son of Leopold III and Agnes of Germany
(1) Gertrude of Süpplingenburg 1 May 1142 one daughter (2) Theodora Komnene 1148 three children
In 1278, Rudolf I, King of Germany, defeated Ottokar and took control of Austria. In 1282 he invested his sons with the Duchies of Austria and Styria, thereby securing it for the House of Habsburg.
Name
Portrait
Birth
Marriages
Death
Rudolf I 1278-1282
1 May 1218 Breisgau son of Albert IV, Count of Habsburg and Hedwig of Kyburg
(1) Gertrude of Hohenburg 1245 9 children (2) Isabella of Burgundy 5 February 1284 no issue
15 July 1291 Speyer aged 73
Albert I 1282-1308
July 1255 Vienna eldest son of Rudolf I and Gertrude of Hohenburg
Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol 20 December 1274 Vienna 12 children
1 May 1308 Windisch aged 52
Rudolf II the Debonair 1282-1283
July 1270 Rheinfelden third son of Rudolph I and Gertrude of Hohenburg
Agnes of Bohemia March 1289 Prague one son
10 May 1290 Prague aged 20
Rudolf III the Good 1298-1307
c. 1281 Vienna eldest son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol
(1) Blanche of France 25 May 1300 one daughter (2) Elisabeth Richeza of Poland 16 October 1306 no issue
3/4 July 1307 Horažďovice aged 26
Frederick I the Fair 1308-1330
c. 1289 Vienna second son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol
Isabella of Aragon 11 May 1315 Ravensburg three children
13 January 1330 Gutenstein aged 41
Leopold I the Glorious 1308-1326
4 August 1290 Vienna third son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol
Catherine of Savoy 26 May 1315 Basel two daughters
28 February 1326 Strassburg aged 35
Albert II the Wise 1330-1358
12 December 1298 Habsburg Castle fourth son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol
Joanna of Pfirt 15 February 1324 Vienna six children
16 August 1358 Vienna aged 59
Otto I the Merry 1330-1339
23 July 1301 Vienna seventh son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol
(1) Elisabeth of Bavaria 15 May 1325 Straubing two sons (2) Anne of Bohemia 16 February 1335 Znaim no issue
17 February 1339 Neuberg an der Mürz aged 37
Frederick II 1339-1344
10 February 1327 eldest son of Otto I and Elisabeth of Bavaria
never married
11 December 1344 Neuberg an der Mürz aged 17
Leopold II 1339-1344
c. 1328 second son of Otto I and Elisabeth of Bavaria
never married
10 August 1344 aged 16
Rudolf IV the Founder 1358-1365
1 November 1339 Vienna eldest son of Albert II the Wise and Joanna of Pfirt
The Privilegium Maius, fabricated by Rudolf in 1359, attempted to invest the Dukes of Austria with the special position of an "Archduke". This title was frequently used by Ernest the Iron and other Dukes but not recognized by other princes of the Holy Roman Empire until Frederick V became Emperor and confirmed the Privilegium in 1453.
Rudolf was succeeded by his brothers that at first ruled jointly:
Name
Portrait
Birth
Marriages
Death
Albert III the Pigtail 1365-1379
9 September 1349 Vienna third son of Albert II the Wise and Joanna of Pfirt
(1) Elisabeth of Bohemia after 19 March 1366 Vienna no issue (2) Beatrice of Nuremberg 4 March 1375 Vienna one son
29 August 1395 Laxenburg aged 45
Leopold III the Just 1365-1379
1 November 1351 Vienna fourth son of Albert II the Wise and Joanna of Pfirt
Viridis Visconti 23 February 1365 Vienna six children
9 July 1386 Sempach aged 34
Divided Rule[]
The territories were divided between the brothers and their descendants in the Treaty of Neuberg in 1379:
The Albertinian Line received the Duchy of Austria, later called Lower Austria:
Name
Portrait
Birth
Marriages
Death
Albert III the Pigtail 1379-1395
9 September 1349 Vienna third son of Albert the Wise and Joanna of Pfirt
(1) Elisabeth of Bohemia after 19 March 1366 Vienna no issue (2) Beatrice of Nuremberg 4 March 1375 Vienna one son
29 August 1395 Laxenburg aged 45
Albert IV the Patient 1395-1404
19 September 1377 Vienna only son of Albert the Pigtail and Beatrice of Nuremberg
Joanna Sophia of Bavaria 24 April 1390 Vienna two children
14 September 1404 Klosterneuburg aged 26
Albert V 1404-1464 under joint guardianship of Leopold IV and Ernest (1404–1410)
16 August 1397 Vienna only son of Albert IV and Joanna Sophia of Bavaria
Elisabeth of Bohemia 1422 Vienna five children
1464
The Leopoldinian Line received the Duchies of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola, the County of Tyrol and Further Austria:
Name
Portrait
Birth
Marriages
Death
Leopold III the Just 1379-1386
1 November 1351 Vienna fourth son of Albert the Wise and Joanna of Pfirt
Viridis Visconti 23 February 1365 Vienna six children
9 July 1386 Sempach aged 34
William the Courteous 1386-1411
c. 1370 Vienna eldest son of Leopold the Just and Viridis Visconti
Joan II of Naples 13 November 1401 Vienna One son
15 July 1411 Vienna aged 41
Leopold IV the Fat 1386-1411
c. 1371 Vienna second son of Leopold the Just and Viridis Visconti
Catherine of Burgundy 15 August 1393 Vienna no issue
3 June 1411 Vienna aged 40
Ernest the Iron 1402-1406
c. 1377 Bruck an der Mur third son of Leopold the Just and Viridis Visconti
(1) Margaret of Pomerania 14 January 1392 Bruck an der Mur no issue (2) Cymburgis of Masovia 25 January 1412 Kraków nine children
10 June 1424 Bruck an der Mur aged 47
Frederick IV of the Empty Pockets 1402-1406
c. 1382 fourth son of Leopold the Just and Viridis Visconti
(1) Elisabeth of the Palatinate 24 December 1407 Innsbruck one daughter (2) Anna of Brunswick 11 June 1411 Innsbruck four children
24 June 1439 Innsbruck aged 57
In 1406, the Leopoldinian lines split their territories:
The Elder Ernestine line received the Duchies of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola, also called Inner Austria:
Name
Portrait
Birth
Marriages
Death
Ernest the Iron 1402-1424
c. 1377 Bruck an der Mur third son of Leopold the Just and Viridis Visconti
(1) Margaret of Pomerania 14 January 1392 Bruck an der Mur no issue (2) Cymburgis of Masovia 25 January 1412 Kraków nine children
10 June 1424 Bruck an der Mur aged 47
Albert the Prodigal 1424–1464
c. 1418 Eldest son of Ernest the Iron and Viridis Visconti
None
December 2 1464 Innsbruck aged 57
Both under the guardianship of
Name
Portrait
Birth
Marriages
Death
Frederick IV of the Empty Pockets 1406-1439
c. 1382 fourth son of Leopold the Just and Viridis Visconti
(1) Elisabeth of the Palatinate 24 December 1407 Innsbruck one daughter (2) Anna of Brunswick 11 June 1411 Innsbruck four children
24 June 1439
Innsbruck
aged 57
The Junior Tyrolean Line received Tyrol and soon also Further Austria. These territories were also called Upper Austria:
Name
Portrait
Birth
Marriages
Death
Frederick IV of the Empty Pockets 1406-1439
c. 1382 fourth son of Leopold the Just and Viridis Visconti
(1) Elisabeth of the Palatinate 24 December 1407 Innsbruck one daughter (2) Anna of Brunswick 11 June 1411 Innsbruck four children
June 1411 Innsbruck four children
Sigismund the Rich 1439–1464
26 October 1427 Innsbruck second son of Frederick IV and Anna of Brunswick
Mathilde of the Palatinate 1 December 1447
Innsbruck no issue
December 2 1464 Innsbruck
Reunified Rule[]
Name
Portrait
Birth
Marriages
Death
George I 1464-1486
1434 Vienna First son of Albert V and Elisabeth of Bohemia
Dorothea of Brandenburg four children
1486
Maximilian I 1486-1508
1458 Vienna First son of George I and Dorothea of Brandenburg
Katharina of Alexandria
One son
1508
Charles V 1508-1562
1486 Vienna First son of Maximilian I and Katharina of Alexandria.
Alexis of Castile Two sons
1562 Yuste, Spain
Ferdinand I 1508-1592
1508 Vienna Second son of Charles V and Alexis of Spain.
two sons
1592 Vienna
Wolfgang I 1545-Present
1545 Vienna First son of Ferdinand I and Elisabeth.