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Republic of Escadia
Escadia
Timeline: Atlantic Ocean Islands
Flag Coat of Arms
Flag Coat of Arms
Location Escadia
Location Escadia
Anthem "Our land of liberty!"
Capital
(and largest city)
New London
Other cities Westport, Los Benza, New Alexandria, Normount
Language
  official
 
English
  others French, Spanish
Religion
  main
 
Christian
  others Irreligious, Muslim, Hindu, Jewish
Ethnic Groups
  main
 
White
  others Asian, Black, Mixed, Arab, Other
Demonym Escadian
Government Federal parliamentary republic
  Legislature National Assembly (lower house)
Senate (upper house)
President Nancy Williams
Prime Minister David Simpson
Area 264,541 km2
199 miles/320 km east-west and 700 miles/1125 km north-south. 
Population 38,573,959 (2015) 
GDP $1.76 trillion (10th)
Established May 30, 1881
Independence from United Kingdom
Currency Escadian Crown (ESC; ℂ)
Time Zone UTC-2
Driving Side Right
Calling Code +42
Internet TLD .ea

Escadia (from the French word escale; layover/port of call), officially the Federal Republic of Escadia, is a country located on a large island in the North Atlantic Ocean located at 48.59° N, 31.05° W. It's situated between the continents of North America and Europe, approximately 687 miles (1106 km) off the coast of Newfoundland and 653 miles (1051 km) off the coast of Ireland. The mainland is approximately 264,541 sq. kilometers, 199 miles/320 km east-west and 700 miles/1,125 km north-south.

Approximately 38 million people live in Escadia, making it the 36th most populated country. The capital city is New London, which has a population of 7.1 million. The next largest cities are Westport (three million) and Los Benza (2.8 million). The native language of most of the population is English, which is the official language. However, under Terrebonne's state constitution the official state language is French. Castelo has a similar state constitutional amendment making Spanish the official state language.

Escadian Topology (Atlantic Ocean Islands)

History[]

Escadia was colonized by the English, French and Spanish empires starting in the late 1490s. Prior to that the island of Escadia is thought to have been uninhabited, although some historians believe that Norsemen visited and inhabited the island for a short time in the 11th century. Due to its location in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean, it was inaccessible from the North American and European continents until the start of the European expeditions to the Americas.

In 1496 Spanish explorer Martin Alonzo Pinzon discovered Escadia after spotting the southeast coast during a voyage to the Caribbean islands. French explorer Jean Cousin used what is now known as Roisel, as a port during his expeditions to North America.

Spain set up the first settlements in Castelo, such as Villatoya, around 1504 and is often considered the nation's oldest city. The French established their own settlements in 1505 along the east coast, notably Roisel. Successful English settlements on the northeast coast began with the Westminster colony in 1508 at Buckingham and the Masset colony in 1534.

By the mid 16th century, the English had established the six colonies of Ashton, Easton, Estcourt, Masset, Westminster and Yarmouth. Spain had established the Viceroyalty of Castelo and the French empire had settled the Colony of Terrebonne.

All colonies were administered as overseas dependencies to their respected empire. Documents such as the Charter of Westminster established precedents for self-government and constitutionalism that would develop throughout the Escadian colonies. All nonetheless had local governments and eventually representative legislatures with elections open to most free men. Escadia’s first elected legislative assembly, the Estcourt colony’s Grand Assembly of Estcourt, was founded in 1586.

With extremely high birth rates, low death rates, and steady settlement, the colonial population grew rapidly.

New Britannia[]

New Britannia, officially the Dominion of New Britannia, later known as New Britain, was an integral territorial entity of the English Empire, during the English colonization of Escadia and the Americas. It covered a large area that included much of Escadian island.

During the short parliament of 1640, the New Britannia Act was passed. King Charles I had secretly motivated the creation of the Act, as he believed a single centralized administrative body could more effectively manage the colonies. He also felt he could quell the recent rise in dissent by offering the colonists partial autonomy.

The act recognized the six royal colonies of Westminster, Masset, Ashton, Easton, Estcourt and Yarmouth as official Provinces of England and unified them under the Dominion of New Britannia. The crown would appoint a Royal Governor to oversee the administration of the dominion. The Royal Governor would in turn select a Council of State. A key provision of the act granted the provinces English parliamentary representation, whereby each province could elect a single member to the English House of Commons. The colonial governments would remain relatively unchanged. Crown appointed Governors would continue to oversee provincial affairs, but would ultimately answer to the Royal Governor. The colonial legislatures would also continue to function as before.

Dominion of Escadia[]

After the Seven Years' War as part of the Treaty of Paris (1763), France gave up control of their colonial territory Terrebonne in the east and the Spanish ceded control of the Castelo colonial territory. The British empire had complete control of Escadia.

As colonial dependence would give way to increasing autonomy, the colonist leaders began to formulate the basis of a Constitutional Act. John W. Masters was the dominant figure of the confederation movement and worked for years to unite the colonies.

In March 1807, 22 delegates from the colonies traveled to London, where King George III received each in private audience, as well as holding court for their wives and daughters. At meetings held at the Royal Lodge, the delegates reviewed and approved the 65 resolutions; and the conference's decisions were forwarded to the Colonial Office.

The delegates drafted the Act. They agreed that the new sovereign realm should be called the Dominion of Escadia, and New London would become part of a new state called Royal Center with regions annexed from Masset and Ashton colonies.

The delegates had completed their draft of the Dominion of Escadia Constitutional Act by May 1807. The Act was presented to King George IV on May 4, 1807. The bill was introduced in the House of Lords the next day. The bill was quickly approved by the House of Lords, and then also quickly approved by the British House of Commons. The Act received royal assent on June 29, 1807, and set August 1, 1807, as the date for union.

John W. Masters was elected as the Dominion's first Prime Minister in November 6, 1807.

Republic of Escadia[]

The colonists enjoyed a level of autonomy that increasingly clashed with royal and parliamentary authority which did not always consult colonial needs. The Escadian Constitutional Conference of 1879 debated the need for a change to the Constitution of Escadia which would remove the monarchy from a role in Escadian government and law. The new republic would be a federally organized state consisting of the nine Escadian states. The conference also considered three categories of model for the selection of the head of state in an Escadian republic: direct election, parliamentary election by a special majority, and appointment by a special council following prime ministerial nomination.

The conference recommended to the Governor General and Parliament of the Dominion of Escadia that the model, and other related changes to the Constitution, supported by the conference, be put to the people in a constitutional referendum in 1880.

There was overwhelming support to break away from the monarchy as 83% voted in favor of the Escadian Republic Movement, which would see the constitution rewritten and the dominion reform as federal parliamentary republic. The provinces would be become constitutional states, a Federal Parliamentary system would be enacted and the various state legislatures would continue to function.

Britain feared that forcing Escadia to stay part of the commonwealth would escalate to violence or even war, as had been seen previously with the independence movements in British North America. The Escadia Act bill was introduced and approved in both the House of Lords and British House of Commons. The Act received royal assent on April 15, 1881, and set May 30, 1881, as the date of independence.

Benjamin Andrews, running for the Liberal Conservative Party would win the new Republic’s first federal election becoming Prime Minister.

Politics[]

Escadia is a democratic federal republic organized under a constitution. Leaders are chosen in general elections. An independent judiciary functions with rule by and respect for law. Civil liberties and human rights are scrupulously protected. Escadia is a federal parliamentary republic based on the separation and balancing of legislative, executive and judicial powers. The Constitution is the highest law in the Republic.

The Escadian head of state is the President of the Republic. As in Escadia's parliamentary system of government, the Prime Minister runs the government and day-to-day politics, the role of the President of the Republic is mostly ceremonial. The President of the Republic, by their actions and public appearances, represents the state itself, its existence, its legitimacy, and unity. Their office involves an integrative role. The President of the Republic is elected by a joint federal and state parliamentary committee called the Presidential Convention

The Prime Minister heads the federal government and thus the executive branch of the federal government. They are elected by and responsible to the parliament. The other members of the government are the Federal Ministers; they are chosen by the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister is elected by parliament for a term of four years and his office is incompatible with any other office, position or function. To be elected Prime Minister, the person should receive a majority of the total number of members of the National Assembly (252 votes).

Federal legislative power is divided between the National Assembly and the Senate. The National Assembly is directly elected by the Escadian people, while the Senate represents the governments of the states. The federal legislature has powers of exclusive jurisdiction and concurrent jurisdiction with the states in areas specified in the constitution.

Law[]

The legal system of Escadia has multiple forms. It includes a written constitution, statutes, regulations, and the judicially determined common law system.

The Escadian Constitution requires the establishment of a Supreme Court and permits the National Assembly to create other federal courts and place limitations on their jurisdiction. The Constitution states that federal judges are appointed by the Prime Minister, by candidates submitted by the Judicial Selection Committee, which is composed of nine members: three Supreme Court Judges, two cabinet ministers (one being the Minster of Justice), two members of the National Assembly and two members of the Senate.  Supreme Court Judges serve until they resign, are impeached and convicted, or die.

The federal courts are generally divided between trial courts which hear cases in the first instance, and appellate courts which review specific contested decisions made by lower courts.

The Escadian district courts are general federal trial courts. The Escadian court of appeals are the intermediate federal appellate courts. They operate under a system of mandatory review which means they must hear all appeals of right from the lower courts.

The Supreme Court of Escadia is the court of last resort. It generally hears appeals from the courts of appeals (and sometimes state courts), operating under discretionary review, which means that the Supreme Court can choose which cases to hear, by granting writs of certiorari.

Each state and county also has its own court system operating within the legal framework of the respective jurisdiction, responsible for hearing cases regarding state law. All these jurisdictions also have their own supreme courts (or equivalent) which serve as the highest courts of law within their respective jurisdictions.

Federated States[]

Escadia comprises of ten federated states — Ashton, Castelo, Easton, Estcourt, Masset, Royal Center, Terrebonne, Westminster, Yarmouth and the city-state New London. Each state has its own state constitution and is largely autonomous in regard to its internal organization. For regional administrative purposes, each state is comprised of counties and municipalities.

According to the Escadian constitution, some topics, such as foreign affairs and defence, are the exclusive responsibility of the federation (i.e., the federal level), while others fall under the shared authority of the states and the federation; the states retain residual legislative authority for all other areas, including "culture", which in Escadia includes not only topics such as financial promotion of arts and sciences, but also most forms of education and job training.

State elections are conducted under various rules set by the states. In general they are conducted according to some form of single-winner voting system, either the same as the federal system or some simplified version. The election period is generally four to five years, and the dates of elections vary from state to state.

The federal constitution, stipulates that the structure of each Federal State's government must "conform to the principles of republican, democrat and social government, based on the rule of law". Most of the states are governed by a cabinet led by a Governor, together with a unicameral legislative body known as the House of Representatives or Legislative Assembly. The states are parliamentary republics and the relationship between their legislative and executive branches mirrors that of the federal system: the legislatures are popularly elected for four or five years (depending on the state), and the Governor is directly elected. The Governor appoints a cabinet to run the state's agencies and to carry out the executive duties of the state's government. They can veto state bills, and have the power to line-item veto on appropriations bills. In some cases the state legislatures can override a Governor's veto by a two-thirds vote, in others three-fifths.

ESCADIA-states
State Flag Population Constituency Districts Capital Abbreviation
Ashton Ashton Flag (Atlantic Ocean Islands) 5,359,076 71 Westport AS
Castelo Castelo Flag (Atlantic Ocean Islands) 5,365,952 72 Los Benza CA
Easton Easton Flag (Atlantic Ocean Islands) 2,213,556 30 Lescogan EA
Estcourt Estcourt Flag (Atlantic Ocean Islands) 3,316,052 44 New Alexandria ES
Masset Masset Flag (Atlantic Ocean Islands) 2,335,749 31 Amaya MA
Royal Center Royal Center Flag (Atlantic Ocean Islands) 5,014,482 57 Normount RC
New London State Flag New London 7,128,335 105 New London NL
Terrebonne Terrebonne Flag (Atlantic Ocean Islands) 3,671,581 49 Chapeauroux TE
Westminster Westminster Flag (Atlantic Ocean Islands) 2,764,941 37 Buckingham WM
Yarmouth Yarmouth Flag (Atlantic Ocean Islands) 465,748 6 St Edwards YM



Military[]

AD65DD21-48F2-43B2-A7AC-03B21443CA56

Escadian Air Force F-16C

The Escadian armed forces are composed of three branches: Army, Navy and Air Force. The nation employs a professional, volunteer military force of approximately 100,000 active personnel and 40,250 reserve personnel.

The Escadia Navy operates primarily in the North Atlantic Ocean and conducts operations such as maritime patrol, search and rescue for the section of the Atlantic under Escadian sovereignty, as well as hydrographic measurements and research. Also, the Escadian Navy played a more international role as part of the 2003 invasion of Iraq, providing logistical support for the United States Navy. The current position of the Escadian Air Force is much the same; it has routinely taken part in North Atlantic Air Policing assignments, but otherwise, with the exception of a number of units serving in Afghanistan, has seen no active combat. In 2003, the F-16C Block 52 was chosen as the new general multi-role fighter for the air force, the first deliveries taking place in November 2006.

Geography[]

Escadia is situated between the continents of North America and Europe, approximately 687 miles (1106 km) off the coast of Newfoundland and 653 miles (1051 km) off the coast of Ireland. The main island is approximately 264,541 sq. kilometers, 199 miles/320 km east-west and 700 miles/1125 km north-south.

Coniferous trees such as black spruce, white spruce and balsam fir dominate the native vegetation. The largest deciduous tree is white birch; species of lesser stature include alder, cherry and mountain ash. Of introduced tree species, sycamore maple is most abundant and Norway maple is common. Blue spruce, common horse chestnut, European beech and little leaf linden are among the other non-native species grown.

Escadia's geographic isolation for 125 million years and island bio-geography has influenced evolution of the country's species of animals, fungi and plants. The forests were dominated by birds, and the lack of mammalian predators led to some evolving flightlessness. The arrival of humans, associated changes to habitat, and the introduction of rats, ferrets and other mammals led to the extinction of many bird species, including large birds like the Ratite and Helger eagle.

Other indigenous animals are represented by reptiles (tuatara, skinks and geckos), frogs, spiders, insects (weta) and snails.

Climate[]

Average winter and summer high temperatures across Escadia are relatively similar across the country. In Winters, the daily average temperatures are near −1 °C (30.2 °F) and in the summer the daily averages are 22 °C (71.6 °F). The spring and fall seasons are rainy, with the country receiving on average 700 millimetres (27.6 in) of rain per year.

Escadia Weather Averages
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average maximum temperature
°C (°F)
6.9
(44.4)
7.2
(45.0)
9.8
(49.6)
12.4
(54.3)
15.8
(60.4)
18.6
(65.5)
22.0
(71.6)
20.7
(69.3)
17.9
(64.2)
13.9
(57.0)
9.9
(49.8)
7.2
(45.0)
13.5
(56.3)
Average minimum temperature
°C (°F)
1.3
(34.4)
-1.0
(30.2)
2.6
(36.7)
3.9
(39.0)
6.7
(44.1)
9.5
(49.1)
11.7
(53,1)
11.5
(52.7)
9.6
(49.3)
6.9
(44.4)
3.8
(38.8)
1.6
(34.9)
5.9
(42.6)
Rainfall
mm (inches)
82.9
(3.3)
60.3
(2.4)
64.0
(2.5)
58.7
(2.3)
58.4
(2.3)
61.8
(2.4)
62.6
(2.5)
69.3
(2.7)
69.7
(2.7)
91.7
(3.6)
88.2
(3.5)
87.2
(3.4)
854.8
(33.7)

Urbanization[]

Escadia has a number of large cities. There are 12 officially recognised metropolitan regions in Escadia. 29 cities have been identified as regiopolis.

Largest Cities in Escadia
City State Population
New London Royal Center 7,128,335
Westport Ashton 3,012,445
Los Benza Castelo 2,835,683
New Alexandria Estcourt 1,523,550
Normount Royal Center 1,110,345
Chapeauroux Terrebonne 1,090,338
Buckingham Westminster 1,032,430
Villatoya Castelo 876,329
Lescogan Easton 669,450
Philipsburg Ashton 645,870

Escadian Cities Map (Atlantic Ocean Islands)


Economy[]

Escadia is the world's tenth-largest economy as of 2017, with a nominal GDP of approximately 1.76 trillion USD. It is a member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Group of Twenty (G20), and is one of the world's top 15 trading nations, with a highly globalized economy. Escadia is a mixed economy, ranking above the US and most western European nations on The Heritage Foundation's index of economic freedom, and experiencing a relatively low level of income disparity. The country's average household disposable income per capita is over 23,900 USD, higher than the OECD average. Furthermore, the Escadian Stock Exchange is the 11th largest stock exchange in the world by market capitalization, listing over 1500 companies with a combined market capitalization of over 1.72 trillion USD as of 2016.

Since the early 20th century, the growth of Escadia's shipping, petroleum, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy to an urbanized, industrial one. Like many other developed countries, the Escadian economy is dominated by the service industry, which employs about three-quarters of the country's workforce. However, Escadia is unusual among developed countries in the importance of its primary sector, in which the shipping and petroleum industries are two of the most prominent components.

Culture[]

Escadia’s culture draws influences from its broad range of constituent nationalities, and policies that promote a "Justice as fairness" society that’s constitutionally protected.

Historically, Escadia has been influenced by British, French, and Spanish cultures and traditions. In Terrebonne and Castelo, cultural identity is strong, and many commentators speak of a French Escadian and Spanish Escadian culture that is distinct from English Escadian culture.

Telecommunications[]

Present-day telecommunications in Escadia include telephone, radio, television, and internet usage. In the past, telecommunications included telegraphy available through Escadian Telegraph and Telephone Company. The industry is regulated by the government agency Telecommunications Standards Commission.

Call signs[]

ITU prefixes: Letter combinations available for use in Escadia as the first two letters of a television or radio station's call sign are YZ, U2 and V9.

Radio[]

As of 2016, there were over 700 radio stations and audio services broadcasting in Escadia. Of these, 411 are private commercial radio stations. These commercial stations account for over three quarters of radio stations in Escadia. The remainder of the radio stations are a mix of public broadcasters, such as EBC Radio, as well as campus and community stations.

Television[]

The largest internationally operating media companies in Escadia are eTelecom and Redwave Communications. Escadia’s television market has some 17.5 million TV households. Around 90% of Escadian households have cable or satellite TV, with a variety of free-to-view public and commercial channels.

Mobile networks[]

The three major mobile network operators are ETEL Mobility (11.6 million subscribers), Redwave Wireless (10.0 million) and mobi (8.8 million), which have a combined 91% of market share.

Infrastructure[]

CF7E7556-CA33-43E5-A0F0-FFCD9D1D24E8

E-100 Expressway outside New London

The expressway network E-Series is an extensive 6-lane highway that inter-connects the country's largest metropolitan areas. The A-Series (4 lane) trunk network inter-connects large and medium sized cities alongside an extensive system of primary and secondary roadways. Escadia has established a polycentric network of high-speed trains. The MetroExpress or ME network of RailEscadia serves major Escadian cities with speeds up to 300 km/h (186 mph). The rail network throughout Escadia provides excellent service in most areas. On regular lines, at least one train every two hours will call even in the smallest of villages during the day. Nearly all larger metropolitan areas are served by Light-Rail, Subways and/or bus networks.
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