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History of Rome-After Ætas ab Brian (Ætas ab Brian)

Contents

[edit] 2192(1439)

[edit] (Roman) City Layouts

Still basically adhearing to ancient layouts, most Roman cities are square and have a planned and ridgid maximum population, the alloted time for heavy transportation of goods in the streets was moved from the opening hours of morning to the periferals of the lunch hours to avoid both having noisy motors waking up the residents and clogging pedestrian traffic. Few cities were built with walls after the Menguren Wars, though a similar effect still presides. Business towers and heavy industry are kept to the edges of the city while parks, bathhouses, plasas, and subdivisions are at the centre, this also helps dissuade overpopulation. Some cities have also moved administrative buildings to the outer limits but this hasn't really seen any large change in how the city runs.

Because of the fixed populations and low-rise city centres, suburbs don't really exist in the Empire. Virtually every home in a city is an appartment; appartment buildings occupy the outter to mid-centre areas of cities. A strick contrast between urban and rural. To say that you lived in sub urbanus, most would interperet that as meaning you lived in a basement (substruxisolum). Though, as not all nations design like the Romans, there are cities designed not much different from OTL.

Due to the largest towers being on the peripheracy of cities, once subways (metroscurr) arrived around 2116(1363), they soon became vital in the commercial fields for shipping across the city. Business and industrial subway trains run on the same track systems as the residentials so that faster trains and more direct routes between city edges can be made.

On average, a residential city block holds 700+50 people.

[edit] Rome, the City

A synonym with 'world city', Roma had been increasingly referred to as simply The Capital or The Senate. At least until the 2210's(~1460's) when 'Romanis Urbanum' suddenly became the most frequent almost overnight.

Some other world cities or 'Lesser Romes' of the empire included

Londinium
Byzantium
Babylon
Unalacius (approx New York)
Otacilium (approx New Orleans)
Tecustra (approx Miami)
Germanica Aztecum (Mexico City)
Ora Campesto (approx Sao Paulo)
Xavantium (approx Macapá)

[edit] Roman Multiculturalism

Rome officially and by the citizenry tolerated foreign cultures to a point. Roman social engineers (a possibility with a less democratic nation) in each region worked to combine the greatest parts of each native culture with solid Roman culture. This had a regional effectivness range as it can be imagined as a translucent purple cloth of Roman culture covering bulges or pillars of other cultures, creating a culture-mix gradient surrounding the region. Notable culture mixes included: Arabic, Zulu, Indian, Celtic, Teutonic, Aztecae, North Terranovan Aboriginal, Inuit, Greek, Egyptian, and Gallic. With the first radio and television shows eminating from the capital, this 'purple cloth' began to thicken and for the most part absorbed all remnance of these old cultures in a relatively short 100 years.

All native languages are permitted, but all government and extra-regional establishments operate in Latin or Greek.

In music, the popularities of the asian provinces' became the backbone for modern music during the 12th and 13th centuries AUC . A staff form evolved that could most easily be compared to OTL Byzantine staffs - though this contemporary music was much less focused on the slow chanting rhythms OTL would be familiar with, the note designs are understandably less complex and are stubbier. As time passed only subtle changes emerged and by the time contact with the Tang had been made near the beginning of the 16th century, the form of Western music had solidified and was rather cumbersome in translating far eastern sounds and rhythms-though they were still popular. The music naturally spread with Rome's colonists to the other continents, sometimes supplanting or just coinciding with the natives' forms.

As for Rome's holidays, whow, don't go there, they have more holidays than you could handle. Some are new(er) like the celebrations for Genghis' death, some are ancient like the March 1st new year, some are borrowed (Gowri Habba) or distorted like Zhongqiuji from the Nanchao. It is now a cake-baking festival, but you know, Romans love to party. Romans tend to push their birthdays back to the nearest holiday too.

[edit] Muscovite Industry and Agriculture

Prior to its joining the P.A.B. the Muscovite Empire was a heavily agrarian and peasent based nation. With its joining, Sinican machinery and knowledge brought the empire up to a competable power in world politics. The Czars were enthusiastic in accepting Sinican advancements out of their own curiosity, not knowing that it would help solidify the P.A.B's social policies. With the death of Xun Zedong and the subsequent victory of the economist/social engineer political powers, the reformed P.A.B. greatly accelerated Muscovy's industrialization. Now relying on the support of factory and shop workers, the socialist policies of the P.A.B could operate with fewer inequities. Had the Muscovites remained agrarian, it would not have been too long before a schizm formed over how different the life of a farmer and worker are.

[edit] State of Africa

Africa (excluding southern Africa) in this 22nd century could be considered to be in better shape than *here*, this would be because of 2 reasons:

with Rome's weakened religeous zeal, and the massive tolerance of religions, African culture was confused by a myriad of foreign religions instead of being crushed by one unyeildingly powerful one. This allowed some native African religions and cultures to become modified rather than wiped out. This indirectly lightened the slave trade somewhat. Most people became slaves through spoils of war or simple hard times, Africa was not spared a huge amount, but every bit helps. Unfortunately the Amplus Arma caused this slightly 'good bit' to be overshadowed by the intense need for free labour in the war.

The other reason for a slightly more stable Africa was the fact that instead of being invaded by a myriad of empires speaking different languages competing against eachother, it was invaded by a single empire. Without the competition between equals, Roman colonization of Africa was slow and never encompassed the whole continent. Leaving more of Africa independant (aside from some who where ensnared by treaties, language, culture domination and such) let more native countries develop more naturally and so, more stable. Simbabus and Monotopai will always have much greater trouble with anti-governmental (and noticably not religious based fanatics) forces, and these forces spread their anger and influence to the surrounding southern and central Africa.

Working against Africa's development was global warming. Hundreds of years of increasing drought and sand storms had basically burned the core of Africa bleached bone dry, with the few nations already developed having no want for the useless lands. Disease-ridden floods in the more tropical areas didn't help either.

So in the end, Africa is a bit less violent in this timeline. Basically because of 'less' interferrence from Rome and greater tolerance of ideas and religions.

[edit] State of Nihonia

After the Nihonian Empire's defeat and subsequent dismemberment, the home islands supported several Roman garrisons in Cynoto and other major cities. With the forming of the Concilium Mundi coalition forces, Roman Centuries were replaced by coalition Centuries; both to perpetuate the influence of the west on Nihonia, but also to protect the country once revolutionary Xun Sinica formed the P.A.B. The resident coalition forces heavily ingrained western ideals of republicanism and education into the nation, giving Nihonia's culture a revitalization. This also, however, created conservative anti-western political entities which would cause problems for the C.M. once the P.A.B. decided to entice them into action, resulting in a web of political intrigue that would bring the civilized world the closest it had yet been to a second world war.

By population and area, Nihhon had the 3rd most wide spread cultural impact after Rome and Sinica.

[edit] State of Slavery

The Miasmata itself came close to setting slavery on the undeniable track to abolishment, though an Empire can rarely be called benevolent. The Miasmata brought about an improvement of lifestyle for slaves no one saw coming. With the revitalization of the Empire, the abolishinists' movement continued to lose steam, but many had hoped that before its total collapse slavery could be beaten.

The wars with Nihonia defeated this dream, slaves were sorely needed in South Terranova to build runways and forts, drive supply extrudotrusi and forest clearing scutrudatori while Legionaries fought invisible enemies and filled the forests with ammunition and poison gas. Slaves also accounted for almost a quarter of fatalities in the Nihonian South Terranova War, and only the survivors remembered those that died. The only hope now for slavery was with the booming industrial/space age, where machines did the work 100 times faster, finer, and cheaper than any ill-be-gotten slave.

Once slavery becomes obsolete however, it is then the question of whether it will ever actually be abolished, making its denizens not just people who inhabit the Empire, but are actually a part of it. Social changes are still required, for a slave without work is still a slave and a slave without work dies in the trader cells. With slavery world-wide, Human Rights cannot go forward in the Concilium Mundi's Articles.

On the 'brighter side', there are far fewer recalls and insurance claims regarding unforeseen (or unannounced) side effects of pharmaceuticals.

Because of the lack of universal Human rights, experiments regarding psychological development and reactions were common, especially between the 1800s and late 2000s, allowing a greater understanding of the brain's functioning to better effect treatments for mental/developmental illnesses. This also however, increased the factors of mind control in architectural designs, environmental settings, and prisons. With greater social funding some cities have been able to greatly reduce the rates of both crime and homelessness.

[edit] Space Weapons

In the 22nd century, the term 'space weapons' in non-fiction was completely limited to the numerous nuclear missile satellites and conventional anti missile missile satellites/ gravel ejecting satellites in orbit (usually synchronous above their own country because of the precariousness of nations' 'air space'). Directed energy weapons had yet to be perfected for military use in any context and so, there still had yet to be a space craft with a weapon system. The main interest in developing laser weapons was for destroying hostile missiles; anti-matter and fusion power were still high-fund lab experiments; rail guns' electronic magnets were still very power hungry and cumbersome. Plasma and ion engines were still in the early phases of testing as propulsion devices until the 2180's(1426+).

During the Muscovite Secession Wars 2163(1410)-2173(1420), the PAB nuclear missiles ordered by General Biyu Fu to strike the rebel cities of Polsts and Vitsta were unpropelled with the exception of correcting thrusters. Their parent satellites calculated the optimum time to drop them on the target.

[edit] Off Planet Colonies

Soon after their foundings (>2164(1411)), the colonies on Mars in particular began suffering from delusions of nativity(usage 1). Once the Ice Age Crisis occurred, they began to socially distance themselves from Earth, hoping that the corrupt, bureaucratic, and backwards civilisations would all die out so that they could restart a proper Humanity. Obviously these opinions were rarely voiced. Independence movements throughout the late 2190's to the 2210's(1445-60) gained support as people on Earth continued to focus on the environmental and economic problems while both neglecting and restraining the Mars colonies.

With the empire break up and Sinican expansion of autonomy, the Mars colonies were granted greater independence as well, and for a while the inducements lost interest when it seemed they wouldn't be the restart of Humanity. It's not like they ever had to pay taxes or anything.

[edit] Technological Development

Not long after the year 1000 CE, the Empire entered a mental era that the Senate and People of Rome were, 'an ancient and Earth-encompassing empire'. This could have resulted in 2 outcomes: One was that the empire could have become complacent in its invincibility. They other, and obviously the correct outcome, was that the memories of fragility from the Germanicvs/Octavivs Civil War and the even more distant Miasmata had yet to be totally forgotten by History. The long established Antonivs Dexpiscorari Academia kept the empire from technological stagnation, and Rome's protection of the Middle East from the Mongols also spared the science of the Islamic Nation from a destructive blow it could not hope to recover from.

In going too far to make up for its losses, the Romans embraced technology and its primarily military applications as a way to shatter most of the long-time barriers to expansion.

In circumspection, neighbouring 'barbarian' nations were forced to either match and try to surpass Roman advances (a prospect very few could industrially or economically support) or to submit to Roman rule/influence.

With the Praetorius Procuris (later the Praetorius Foederii) covertly ensuring loyalty, countries offering allegience in order to get a hold of this tech to turn about against the Senate had little hope of success without world-wide problems like the Miasmata and serious civil war to cover their actions.

In short, with the world spending so much less time milling about in Gunpowder and Enlightenment Ages, the Earth still has more resources available regardless of their earlier discovery and application in comparison to OTL.

By the mid 19th century AUC (start of the 12th CE) however, development had begun to slow. As it appeared that the mentality that 'everyhting had been invented' was gaining popularity, some cities closed their patent offices for just that reason. In OTL, the increasing tension between the European powers and WWI kept things going, whereas *there* the war and competition was greatly delayed in comparison to territory expansion and technology. The Menguren Wars (1938(1185)-1986(1233)) could have motivated sooner advancements had the Menguren been more modern minded in their campaigns. They were a grave concern for Rome, but as at most the Menguren used dragoon contingents and a few canna, money was better spent on existing and reliable weapons and techniques. The Menguren's insistence on individual warrior merit against the Romans' perfect willingness to sit behind a sand bag with a pilium didn't sufficiently match up.

[edit] Success of the Antonivs Dexpiscorari Academia

The ADA was created by Cæsar Antonivs in January of 892(139). It was a masterpiece of organisation and structure, building on the schools of Vaspatian and continuing those schools' approach to scientific advancement into the practical fields. As time passed, the ADA's became greatly regarded for their perfect combination of theory and practice, setting the pace for advancement in all areas from philosophy and psychology to weapons and medicine. With 1300 years of history, the ADAs continually demonstrated their ability to competently put taxpayers' money to uses that would technically or actually improve the Human condition. It was a magnet for inventors even into the more recent era where capitalising on one's own ideas seemed to becoming dominant.

Never before the Ice Age Crisis had the ADAs had to deal with a substantial cut in funds. Both the initial cuts to deal with the crisis and the fragmentation of the ADA society with the empire's break up caused a near crippling of the entire scientific community which the rest of the world had difficulty to fill. This was because for so long Rome had been the almost singular beacon of development, and that every nation was suffering critically from the environmental catastrophe. Sinica, always a close second, was not excempt or treated any lighter by the Ice Age.

The Technocrats of the Second Republic of Europe did little to help the situation. With their constricting of people's rights and descent into totalitarianism, they were perhaps the last blow to guarentee the end of Europe's millennia in the sun.

Because of the long lamey state of slavery, a very large portion of Roman industry, agriculture, and production has been automated for quite some time.

[edit] Post-Nihonian Wars of South Terranova

Soon After the defeat of Nihonia in South Terranova, their south Terranovan provinces were broken up and mostly left to their own devices, they fought amongst themselves and with the still surviving native kingdoms sporatically. When the P.A.B. came around, the instability of the continent flared up as P.A.B. spies and saboteurs incited rebellions and coups.

[2069-72 Dyapapaka vs. Chachapoyas Kingdom

Chachapoyas had access to vast amounts of Natrium Mephitbioxis (Sodium Nitrate) mines in the Desert Ri-ikana, a key ingredient in fertilizers, explosives, and rocket propellants and as a result, was becoming one of the most prosperous exporter countries in South Terranova. Dyapapaka had very few mines in comparison, and argued that in the post Amplus Arma border negotiations, Dyapapaka got chipped. First attempting to reach an agreement from June to August in the CM forums, Dyapapaka declared war on the Kingdom. Chachapoyas was on the defensive until 71 when a major naval victory was won and admiral Yukarao Konuma made a successful midnight raid on Dyapapaka's main naval port, destroying the majority of Dyapapaka's ships that had retreated and were being repaired. Nearing the middle of 2072 Dyapapaka was losing but it was painfully slow and both were convinced to return to the CM forums to negotiate. A truce was made and in 2074 the Treaty of Toshirima was formed. The Chachapoyas was given some reparations by Dyapapaka and the borders were reexamined but not changed. Dyapapaka lost out, but it didn't much matter. In early 73 a Germanian ADA developed artificial Natrium Mephitbioxis and within 10 years the Chachapoyas Kingdom entered a serious recession and the Ri-ikana was mostly abandoned.]

As New Found Land became Newfoundland ('Newfinland'), Terra Nova became Terranova ('Turnova')

[edit] Vehicles

Up to the 21st century, few Romans owned motorized vehicles because of the massive transportation infrastructure the Empire built. With the demilitarized centre of the empire progressively expanding, civilian vaposcurr rails soon parralled virtually all roads, connecting virtually all cities. With the introduction of the city-owned petra oleum extrudotrusi (and later trollies, metros and eventually maglevs) in spralling cities, workers rarely had a need to have their own extrudotrusi to take them to their office towers at the edges of their cities. Parks and other public areas were often close to residential blocks anyways.

Up to the Ice Age, there were a multitude of different personal vehicle companies, producing a myriad of designs and concepts (especially axels and suspensions); but on the wholeRoman cars:

  • seem rather large and bulky, less aerodynamic
  • have very rigid frames
  • mostly lack speed limiters
  • have manually adjusted high-beams
  • a laterally rear mounted engine-rear wheeled drive (though coincidentally still V shaped)
  • white or grey tyres (as Aluminum Silicate or Calcium Carbonate tended to be used for rubber reinforcing instead of Carbon, a simply arbitrary development)
  • terrible fuel economy
  • higher emissions than you'd think the Pruddai(hippies) would have standed
  • a few vehicles are left side driver, requiring a special licence

In the 22nd century, most still did not own a personal extrudotrusi. Vaposcurr, magnescurr, and metroscurr are the primary civilian transports. Heavy extrudotrusi are used for in-city mass deliveries, but they are still only permitted on the streets at mid-day, to avoid interfereing with the civilian migration to-and-from work places.

Extrudotrusi were also less widespread as the first advanced assembly line was specifically developed for the Nihonian War and didn't see a civilian application for many years afterwards

By the 23rd century, the ratio of those who hadn't cars or motorcycles (excurrusai) to those who did went from Most to Many- oweing to the development of Africa under the influence of the corporations and the fact that people in the most populous cities were undeniably getting fat and preferred an air-conditioned, enclosed vehicle over taking a trolly, bicycle, or walking.

Virtually all city vigiles(police) have their drivers liscence and access to a vehicle capable of high speed pursuit, but highways are relatively uncommon, and narrow.

Were you dropped in on this timeline at this time, you would see cars with technology from the OTL 50's and 60's in a world where there are people living permanently on Mars and the Moon. Classic unbalanced development? Or is it OUR timeline that is developing lopsided? ;D

Due to the tight grip on companies, automotive businesses in the Roman world were small but as a result, more numerous. Though each manufacterer had perhaps 10-30 models (as opposed to OTL's +60) there were more companies to make up a proportionality. This changed with the Ice Age Crisis however, as many companies atrophied or went bankrupt. Those that managed to get themselves bought out by Corporations fared much better. Eventually virtually all aspects of the automotive industry became greatly standardised by the effort of the Corporations in order to make manufacture cheaper. The end results were many models but all of which actually varied only in aesthetics. The number of vehicle companies dwindled while the 'same structure, different face' trend would continue for an indeffinate time.

--

In the empire, the legal driving age varies between 17-19 years, whereas no province had a drinking age above 14 before the children of the Pruddai started "rebelling" at the start of the 22nd century. Some provinces set their drinking ages as high 18 during this period.

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Semi-truck type vehicles (the Romans call it a gravie tractor) really find popularity only outside of Rome, in places where roads are more common than rails.

--

Most cargo aircraft are Navifluitare (dirigibles), there was luckily no Hindenburg-type disaster before it was required by law to use non-flammable substances in the cells. Personal and commercial flights are mostly fixed-wing. Navifluitare cruises have been popular since the late 1680's AUC, sea cruises have been going on since the 1860's AUC.

--

The vast majority of modern sea craft use screw propellers instead of OTL conventional 2-4 bladed ones.

--

In Rome only the newer and most backwater roads were made of mumiya bigad (asphalt) rather than concrete.

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With the growing popularity of motorized vehicles in the late 22nd century, horse racing has been pushed aside to the 'richman's indulgence' entertainment sector by excurrusai (motorcycle) racing.

[edit] Just What is the Concilium Mundi all About Anyways?

The CM was formed in 2067(1314) between Rome and the Nanchao Sinica after the Amplus Arma as an international organisation to peacefully prevent future armed violence between nations. It was designed to encompass as many members as required to facilitate diplomatic negotiations. Unfortunately, just 22 years after the Concilium Mundi's formation, Sinica itself fell to a radical revolutionary government and the CM proved incapable of reaching a peaceful agreement. Rome was forced to decide to either abandon the idea or take up the slack left by Sinica's departure. Understanding that a single national entity cannot control a planet, Rome decided to keep backing the Concilium Mundi and the CM was permitted more power in order to do its job, including the control of a mobile coalition military in 2091(1338) to enforce peace where it was needed.

2094(1341) is generally the year agreed to be the point where the CM began being able to truly do tis job.

As the decades progressed and the coldwar developed, the CM's power and responsibility (as well as its autonomy) grew through to the late 22nd century until it would be perfectly true to say the 'Concilium' was in fact a 'Foederiolis'. The CM was now also tasked with opposing the spread of the P.A.B's power. This was a hamper on prospective new members but overall, CM members and CM territories were contented and domestically independent enough. The CM has been deemed a success in preventing war, the only place it consistently failed was in Africa where the nations tended to fight themselves as much as neighbouring countries, including CM coalition troops attempting to restore regional order. Rome enforced that the CM had no control over the Praetorius Foederiolis and had no secret service as that would be against the CM's principle for an open council of nations. By the 2180's(1427+) The CM was near totally independent of Roman control, and so when the ice age arrived, the CM was less troubled than it could have been had the Romans been able to manipulate the CM in a feeble attempt to aide in the empire's survival. The PAB was close to direct Sinican control and so encountered some stifling influence, though it was not a hopeless situation and Sinica did not break up.

Several nations (most notably Sinica) declared that the start of the 23rd century was the point at which the CM went bad, this defined by the bluncering and confusion encountered in the Maia nations that were being body-snatched by corporations.

[edit] Corporations

The idea of Abadse (Capitalism) took comparitively longer to gain popularity without a feudalist base for company owners to work from.

A corporation in Roman law is not a legal entity unto itself. During the rise of industrialization, politicians of all levels realised the potential for such a body in making massive profits and influencing all manner of government proceedures while iliciting no personal blame, for any occurance, on any of those owning it. The Senate came near to voting for this idea in the early 1800's but upon further deliberation, the senators also realised the possibility for any one person to rise in personal power allow those not of Senator material was quite high. One free-man citizen born in a lowly backwater could rise up and smite the heads of Rome theirself. Thus government officials were banned from coalescing into political parties to pool their resources to push one person above others up onto the Senate floor where he would then pay them back with lucradive deals. Athen's direct democracy seemed the only alternative to how the Republic operated, and having hundreds of millions of plebs choosing their leader was almost as frightening as the one corporate individual destroying and usurping the world.

This did not stop all other nations from making the law though, as long as the corporations stayed within their home nation, Rome could care less if they were owned by a company rather than a politician.

In nations being 'assimilated' by corporations, initially the corp would be selling high quality products at reasonable prices, either to compete with other corps for control or for general promotion. Once monopoly was secured, they would proceed to make the lowest quality goods possible at the highest cost possible, paying the lowest wages possible. The best example would be vehicles in Khmer and Maialand, public transit was majorly downsized by the corp-govs in order for the people to become dependent on personal vehicles.

[edit] Stability of the Middle East

Obviously this is because of continued strong Roman rule and its protection of those provinces during the Menguren Wars. The coldwar began some trouble though.

The ADAs and independant scientists of Parthia and Mesopotamia were renowned as the formost developers and manufacturers of optical equipment such as telescopes, binoculars, etc.

[edit] World Wonders

not named in any order as of yet.

  name was a(n).. built destroyed notes
1. Oceanus Britannicus Defossa tunnel connecting Belgica and Britannia 1880-85(1127-32) still in service feat of contemptorary engineering, second tunnel built 1955(1202)
2. Genicus Turris Cuashia telelexy tower in Faurijericos, Cuashium Confederation 2102-06(1349-53) abandoned 2193(1440) tallest free-standing structure
3. Superturris Caesari business tower in Avalit, Habasiah 2106-09(1353-1356) still in service first true Skyscraper
4. Pyramids of Giza set of ancient Egyptian Royal Burial monuments -1897--1747(-2650--2500) still recognizable among the largest ancient constructions
5. Hanging Gardens of Semiramida large terraced garden complex 153(-600) 653(-100) by an earthquake advanced water circulation mechanisms, good bio-deversity
6. Statue of Zeus massive deity statue, very ornate 318(-435) 1642(889) from the Germanicus/Octavius Civil war largest statue of its time
7. Alfadur Ald’alzhar bridge 203 kilopes(60km) bridge between the UAR's Sral al-Rashir constituent (Musandam penisulae) and Parthia's Aracia Island (Qeshm Island) 2276(1523) still in service longest bridge ever built
8. Yan Dontingbey dam built in Xun Sinica's Dontingbey province 2106-25(1353-72) still in service the largest hydro-electric dam built
9. Frisii Murusi network of dykes in Germania Inferior 2122-26(1369-73) 2193(1440) by the world flood largest dyke system ever built
10. Canalis Banaba canal separating North and South Terranova 2003-30(1250-77) still in service a monumentally difficult construction despite the short distance
11. Pacari no Yohsai hidden refuge of the Chapapoyas royal family during the Quixil corporation's regime (2203(1450)-2214(1461)) 2203(1450)-2205(1452) now a historic destination spot well designed, self sufficient, and fully hidden even from satellite observations

[edit] Major Languages

Latin is globally considered the language of law; geographically and by population it is the most widespread.

Although the letters U in 1653(900); thorn (Þ,þ/th) in 1703(950); and J in 1824(1072) were developed, a single letter for the W has not been introduced, and when W sounds are encountered, they are either pronounced as Vs or 'qu'. An example being the Aboriginal tribe 'Odawa' being written and pronounced as 'Otaqua' by the Roman colonists and explorers.

Nihonian is the second most widespread in geography but 3rd in population.

Zhongwen (Sinican) is a close third in geography but second in population.

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