Arthur J. "Art" Rosenthal (December 4, 1909 - March 11, 1988) was an American diplomat and statesman who served as Secretary of State from 1973-1977, the entirety of the Clyde W. Dawley administration. A career State Department official, Rosenthal served briefly in the Pacific War and later served as a senior foreign service officer in over eleven countries. He clashed frequently with then-Secretary of State Gerald Saunders in the 1960s and resigned as Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs in 1969 over their disagreements. In 1973, after four years in academia, he was the surprise choice of the Dawley administration to serve as Secretary of State, which he accepted. Rosenthal became the first Jewish Secretary of State.
Rosenthal pushed the policy of détente while at Foggy Bottom, but also worked to develop a version of muscular strength less reliant on physical force and military action. He was influential in helping develop the political theories of his Deputy Secretary of State, George Steinbrenner, who would later become one of the most influential chief diplomats in decades in the 1980s. Rosenthal signaled that he would not return for a second term even in Dawley won, and he retired from political life after Dawley's election loss.